辛亥:摇晃的中国pdf在线预览高清文字版|百度网盘下载

编辑评论：

1911年银昌革命成功，清朝灭亡。从满族的角度来看，在军事方面，罪魁祸首应该有两个人，一个是睿，一个是银昌。

新海：一盘大棋

2011年，1911年的100年冲击波在海峡两岸迎来了一场盛大的仪式，是时候下一盘大棋了。新年1月开始，千万人的当红教授张铭发布了他的代表作《新海：撼动中国》，聚焦清朝末年和民国开局。主演有袁世凯、冯国璋、李元洪、张宗昌、谭延璋、汪精卫、张飚、吴禄珍、银昌、瑞豪、良笔、再木、端方等，宛如百年老戏骨从晚清到民国的大片。这本书研究了这些历史人物，理解和同情地论证了英雄生产过剩导致没有英雄。

《新海》：揭开百年真相的国史读者

正如今天维基解密和阿桑奇背后的故事一样，真相是这个世界上最重要的事情。 《新海：撼动中国》致力于研究原著和真实案例，切入点剖析武昌起义的真相。为什么会在一次意外事件中成功？为什么这个看似不可避免的起义局势让中国君主制陷入停顿？追求历史的真相总是那么重要。人家说右派文字喜欢讲真话，讲经过深思熟虑的真话。纵观1911年辛亥革命的全貌，晚清民国的大变局，可能只是历史成败关键的1%。如果你今天了解鑫海，你就会百分百了解。

辛亥：不败三国的精彩历史

百年中华，回望辛亥——农民：不允许革命；学生：不要碰学校；女人：战争不会让女人离开；帮派：推动革命的兴奋；陕西：一省六省长的故事；山东：艺术家现场表演《登州》；浙江：我们商人有实力；江西：假印章、破机关枪、大巡抚；湖南：白条儿封官录……去面子历史，回顾人的复杂人性；讲细节故事，重新发现百年变化的源头。革命党人、立宪党人、保皇党人、投机分子、谎言与现实、止步不前、教科书上死板的人，都被这些琐事支撑着，他们是有血有肉、有生命的。

《新海》：一本了解中国尚武的书

晚清的风尚之一是提倡武术精神，号召文人弃文而随武。人们来到日本，寻找日本强大的原因，说西方乃至日本之所以强大，就是因为这种武魂。 《新海：撼动中国》独家呈现1911年日本绘制的武昌起义地图，并附有专门的附录，了解清末民国初义、形势、形势等二十个关键词。派对、武术、军队、留在日本、八面旗、节日、商业团、学校、辫子、旗帜、暗杀、炸弹、报纸禁令、新军队、国会、选举、军费开支、税收，阅读这些微博摘录比谈论邪恶的旧社会有用得多。

一场低强度的革命，一场中国的大变革。

1911 年，1911 年，10 月 10 日晚上的零星枪声震撼了一个疲惫的旧帝国，就像泰山崩塌一样。武昌发生的事情是一个意外，一个意外中的意外。这场意外毁掉了一个王朝，就像一个开关，把古代中国变成了另一个轨道。在中国，第一次出现了没有君主的政治，在亚洲，第一次出现了有参众两院的民主共和国。

百年风雨，回望鑫海。在大革命中，过场动画都是大人物，很多影响历史的辉煌明星。总督相貌 党员大棒 名人案例 骑士风采 八旗之枪 新军之子弹 帮派殿堂 勇者之勇刺杀组……仙虎犬，玩的好坏，正在改变历史。其中，惆怅低垂，一拍三叹，直追三国和先秦。

本书化繁为简，用老辣的文笔勾勒出晚清民国的大队，追溯中国的革命，呈现革命和神明的起源，向我们描述一种特殊的价值。重要的真理。军事中国，丛林战，枪管笔筒，暗杀与炸弹，造反与经济，革命与君主制，宪法与新政，科举与学校，内外再现原状。

真相总是在历史的最深处。

关于作者

张明，浙江上虞人，1957年出生，在北大荒长大。生赶上明方，故称：明。

当我年轻的时候，我最大的梦想是成为一名图书管理员，这样我就可以每天看书了。又长，幻想当作家，成为文学青年。他养猪一辈子，做过兽医，大学里学过农业机械。最终，他犯了一个错误，成为了大学的历史老师，成为了大家心目中的学者。

我的生活中有无数的墙。头撞南墙，头也不回。要么墙被打破，要么我死。从小到老，从板报上数着，字数不胜数，板报擦过，小说也烧过。所谓的学术写作和论文评论被抛在了脑后。有几本书，都是遗憾的。定期撰写评论。如果你五十多岁了，还没有进步，说不定还能再活五十年。

着有《正直独白》、《历史脾气暴躁》、《历史剧本》、《北方裂变》等作品。其中，《北方裂变：军阀与五四》荣获2010南方读书节年度最受欢迎图书（非文学类），并被列入中国国家图书馆高级干部重点推荐图书.

新海：震撼中国 pdf 预览

目录

小尹，大变局中的那些人

晚清民国合影合影

年表 1911：中国与世界

序言 1911 年革命前后，震撼中国

1911年第一幕，武昌那些事

第 2 幕：有什么不同！晚清！

第三幕，过场动画中的人物

第 4 幕：国王帽下的人

第 5 幕谁在革命，如何革命

第 6 幕：匆忙中的巨龙

第七幕暗杀与炸弹

第 8 幕：笔与枪

中国人民民主旋律第九幕

第 10 幕：革命经济学

结局五彩斑斓

后记，我怎么记得写新海来了

文档主要来源

附录：了解晚清民国的二十个关键词

精彩内容试用

党领导的起义

1906年的平流李起义，从规模上看，是1911年以前革命党所有起义中参与人数最多的起义，前后有近3万人。不过，如此大规模的起义，也是历次起义中效果最差的。它没有摧毁任何清军，甚至没有摧毁一个小县城。整个过程，就像党组织的骡马大会，热闹热闹，忽上忽下，牵动着众多参会者。在革命党的历次起义中，煽动党占多数，但在每次起义中，组织的领导者都是革命党。革命党付了钱，提供了枪，把党拉了进去，这有点像雇人造反。然而，平流李起义却不同。组织者和领导者都是党员，革命者充其量只是参谋。

其实，在这次起义之前，1904年，以黄兴为首的湖南革命党人也曾发动过一次典型的革命党起义。和孙中山之前的起义类似，他们也是先筹钱买枪，先发工资。 ，动员党后。湖南老兄弟会的领袖马富义被革命党人愚弄了。为此，黄兴所在的华兴会有一些家族成员，包括黄兴、刘奎义、杨守仁、龙章、刘达仁、彭元勋等。他确实筹集了很多钱，买了数百支枪械，并任命了马傅义为少将。但是，如果涉及同盟党，那就麻烦了。即使是起义和叛乱，也很难对邦联党员保守秘密。吐出秘密。在革命党这一边，也有长着大刺的革命者。据湖南革命老人邹永成回忆，当时的江西革命党机关是因为曹雅博，后来参加武昌起义，举办了“扬州十日”、“嘉定”。 “三杀”和“倒退”散布街头，结果也被清政府破解。总之，这场消耗了黄兴精力和财产的起义，还没来得及发动就被消灭了。付出了湖南葛老协会会长马富义的性命，党员死逃亡。

平流李起义虽然在国民党叙述中较晚，但也是由革命家刘道义、蔡少南等人策动的。但黄星远在东京，其实他是遥不可及的，孙中山连这件事都不知道。起义期间，刘道一等人没有与东京同盟会总部取得联系。最重要的是，这次规模如此之大的起义，既不是外资资助的，也不是用外国枪炮购买的。起义的领导人都是党的老板。起义初期，龚春泰、魏宗权组织洪江会。说起义的准备更像是党的整合，这有点牵强。在平流里一带，由于凭祥煤矿的大规模开采，逃离土地的难民增多，这是回族党的天然土壤。将众多小学校融为一个大帮派，自然是党内干部的野心。然而，在这个整合过程中，回族的野心受到了革命党的野心的影响。虽然整合更方便，但危险性也增加了。

原来洪江社的领导人，包括蔡少南、刘道义等革命党员，对起义持谨慎态度，基本主张延缓。但是，有些党的干部，为了革命的野心，赌上性命去造反，有时却很热情，像奔马一样，很躁动。所谓统一部署，统一行动，或者纪律，对他们来说，都是天方夜谭。敢于赌博，敢于盲目行事，敢于拖着别人去冒险。后来徐锡麟、秋瑾发动的起义也受到党的盲目运动的影响，不得不提前仓促发动。平流里起义也是如此，但徐锡麟等人是真想起来，洪江是否真的要起来，还是个问题。

无论如何，在洪江公会的另一位领袖廖书宝召集马市数千人发起活动后，整个洪江公会不得不搬家。龚春泰打着中国国民军南军先锋队的旗帜，自称都督，在黄帝时代发出了预兆。各位，与义和团划清界限。最有趣的是，徐闻声称，他们要建立的共和国，将享受到连欧美国家的人民都没有享受到的幸福。当然，这种小知识分子、湘赣游牧民族、萍乡煤矿矿工挖煤的乌托邦幻想，无论如何也无法理解。因此，在动员方面，继承马复仪为姜守丹的首领更为现实。他的旗帜是“新华帝国南方起义光复军”，宣称只要汉人中的任何一个能够推翻清朝，就可以被拥护为天下第一。中国伟大的皇帝。

但是，不管是皇帝的希望，还是享受民主的好处，对于一群没有受过训练，没有新武器，甚至没有钱可得的帮派成员来说，真正的起义并不太渴望造反。 .画蛋糕。起义者手持原始武器，甚至手无寸铁，当他们遇到带实弹的清军时，枪声一响，大部分人都被分散了。老惠兄弟的首领姜守丹率领一万余名叛军，攻打浏阳县城。城内的清军不到两个营，却敢出城打仗，一战就把叛军打散了。在国民党的历史叙述中，只有个别的英勇战士，一手拿着钢刀，一手拿着锅盖，英勇杀敌。显然，即便是这样的勇者，他手中的锅盖，无论是木头还是铁头，都可能足以挡住弓箭，遇到快速的后膛炮也无济于事。

如此规模的起义，当它陷入一场具体的战斗时，结果只是一场有趣的战斗。在这样的起义中，据说新组建的军队，整编后的巡逻营，甚至连湘淮军也能被夷为平地。指望成千上万的人用锅盖当盾牌，用钢刀当武器，偶尔用几把枪，甚至赤手空拳的无家可归者和矿工触摸后膛枪和大炮，这完全是与党的领导人会面的盲目之举。这种盲目的运动，比其他革命党的金钱和枪支起义还要荒谬。挡路的革命党员忽然听到平琉璃策动了如此规模的起义，急忙赶去参加。结果，许多人什么也没做就倒下了，要么被杀，要么被监禁。起义不仅伤害了数百名无辜的党员，也失去了许多莫名其妙兴奋的革命政党。

后来的国民党史学家一直把平六里起义者称为党军。事实上，如果这群乌合之众是党军，那也是党的党，而不是革命党的党。翻看当时清朝的官方档案，湖广总督张志东、两江总督端芳等湘赣两省地方官员，一直把这次起义称为“黑帮”叛乱。 ，但他们后来抓住了革命。人后，我提了几个“孙党”，没想到是革命党的起义。真是令人失望，宿敌根本不给革命党任何面子，完全抹杀了他们的功绩。

绍兴：体育学校的革命

在校学生更容易受到革命思想的影响，这在世界各地都是相似的。 1911年革命前的中国也不例外。但是，如果有学校，它是革命者为了起义而建的，他们教的东西实际上是枪棒跳舞，做运动和射击目标，这样的学校实际上可以得到官方的批准。清朝。它已经存活了两年多，这仍然有点不寻常。 1907年夏，由于不满同盟将全部权力投向两广，同盟会中原维新会成员计划在浙皖发动起义。这次起义的核心基地是一所学校，绍兴大同学校。

绍兴大同学校其实是一所体操学校。那个时候所谓的体操，不​​是今天的单杠、双杠、跳马，而是军事演习，立正齐步，加持枪、举枪、射靶。说是军校，其实不是，因为它不是政府办的，政府也不允许民间办军校。徐锡麟和陶承章创办的时候，只说是培养民兵，也就是民兵，也就是预备役，相当于一个准军校。平民能办准军校吗？那时候还好。晚清的风尚之一是提倡武术精神，号召文人弃文而随武。人们来到日本，寻找日本强大的原因。他们说，西方乃至日本之所以强大，是因为有武精神，而中国不是因为太弱。变弱者为勇者，当然是官民同心协力。教军事演习在当时绝对是时髦的。蔡元培在上海创办爱国学院。南京路氏学校的张士钊和其他学生退学加入他的行列。蔡元培立即让他们教军事演习。因此，设立这样一所“体操专科”学校，可以得到浙江省政府的批准。徐锡麟在上海花重金，买了59发后膛炮和20000发弹药，然后明目张胆地运往绍兴。学校里的人还公开携带枪支进行训练，在山上射击目标。至于徐锡麟本人，他手里拿着枪，天天开枪。我视力不好，近视，但我不能忍受每天练习。最后都说枪法不错，但刺杀恩明似乎不够准确。每年毕业后，徐锡林都会邀请绍兴州和山阴县的官员来吃饭，一起拍照。所以，这种成天练兵打靶的学校虽然很受土绅士的厌恶，但为了国家的军事计划，还是要忍着。

后来，徐锡麟带着家人，带着一帮弟子到日本留学。他原本打算进军校学习军训，但因为近视而进不去。他呆了一会儿，学习了一些警务知识，然后回到了中国。浙江是富人出身的地方。许锡林办学，有人捐了不少钱。除了买枪办学，还剩下钱。徐锡麟捐赠了一个道教平台。同时上台游说，找官办事，大显身手。湖南省长于连三与许锡林有些关系，听了他的话，觉得他很有才华，推荐他给门生安徽省长恩明工作。总局副局长）、巡校督导（校长），深受恩明信任。这样一来，这些光复会干部就有了浙江和安徽两个基地，或者以后同时上马。

但是，光复会的成员，像孙中山等他们不喜欢的人，喜欢联系党，利用这个地下社会的力量发动起义。浙南、浙东山区的兄弟会，多年来比广东、广西的同志还狂野。分散，头部被夺走，潜伏了一会儿，然后回来。随着有文化、见多识广的革命党员的加入，兄弟会将更加强大和勇敢。在大同这样的学校，当地好人家的孩子自然不敢来。来这里的人都是粗鲁的有钱人，聚会的人很多。全国各地的会议党都以此地为据点，来此驱散海底，吃酒吃肉，议论造反。里面的学生时不时上街闹事，尤其是徐锡麟不在的时候，接班的校长也忍不住了。当时，这所学校被当地人称为“强盗学校”。 1907年初，秋瑾接任校长。虽然秩序稍微好一点，但女性革命者更加激进。他们干脆把金华、滁州、绍兴三州的领导招到学校当众练枪。日发射。秋瑾自己也公然一袭长裙，持刀骑马进出绍兴城。土绅士不但不喜欢，还觉得有一定的威胁，于是埋怨。大同书院一触即发。 1907 年 7 月 6 日，徐锡麟和秋瑾计划在浙皖发动起义，后来推迟到 19 日。

其实，此时的徐锡麟在安徽还远远没有做好准备。除了他带来的那两个，巡逻学校的学生中，他似乎并没有培养出多少成员。浙江大同学堂的学生，虽然大部分都是维新会的会员，但也接触过一大批曹泽英雄。然而，这些草草英雄以有组织和无纪律着称。听说要起义，在统一安排之前，他们就开始闹事一个接一个，一大批人被提前曝光。安徽尚未启动，两江知事端方已将进皖的革命党员名单发给恩明。名单上的人是徐锡林，但并不是他的真名。恩明一头雾水，将名单递给徐锡麟，让他查查。徐锡麟知道事情要曝光了，赶紧动手。举行警校毕业典礼，省长等高官在场时，他提前发表了热情洋溢的讲话，让同学们不解。紧接着，带着从浙江带来的两名随从，同样一无所知的恩明当场被打成筛子。起义开始了，但很少有学生跟随。许锡林被捕并牺牲。接下来，暴露已久的大同书院被包围，秋瑾不肯逃走。或许她知道，她和这所武馆，已经惹怒了擅长写作的地方书生，逃不掉了。也许她想用自己的牺牲来唤醒国家人民。因此，剑湖女子也死在绍兴玄亭口。历史上唯一的体校革命流产了。

值得一提的是，在秋瑾死后，上海报刊爆出连载文章，为秋瑾诉苦，有的质疑供词，有的质疑审讯，有的坚称这是一场犯罪。在现场受到不公正的指控。一时间，不仅浙江官员被骂得很惨，浙江绅士也名声不好。也有人写戏传奇，单表玄廷冤。当然，在反面制造方面，这个案子根本没有冤枉，秋瑾也不觉得自己冤枉。然而，一名陌生女子的离世却引起了上海文化界人士的广泛同情，极大地激活了舆论自由。这让清政府在再次处理此类案件时更加谨慎。否则，图谋刺杀摄政王的汪精卫，绝对活不下来。

镇南关：起义也可能只是一个故事

1907年底的广西镇南关之战，是国民党历史上的十大反清起义之一。按照孙中山的说法，这是第六次失败。这场起义，虽然在当时影响不大，却常常被后人所遗忘，但却是孙中山唯一亲自亲临的起义。后来有传说，孙中山亲临镇南关，还亲自向清军开炮，从此赢得了“孙炮”的美誉。

但是，国民党较早的关于这次起义的记载，并没有提到孙中山开炮，只说孙中山到了镇南关，清军进攻的时候，一个法国退休军官来了。和他一起开了一门大炮。 ，杀死60多个敌人等等。一位据说参与起义的人（梁烈亚）回忆说，是孙中山下令炮手还击，法军也效仿，没有说有多少清军被杀。清末民国时期，称某人为“大炮”，其实一点也不恭维。一般而言，据说此人是个大嘴巴，胆小怕事。孙中山被称为大炮的很多场合，显然是在这个意义上。所以，孙中山有没有开这门大炮是另外一回事，但他肯定不会因为他开这门大炮而得到“大炮”的称号。但这次起义因为有孙中山的存在而具有特殊的意义。

其实，根据国民党邹鲁的记载，这次起义的规模很小。因孙中山提前任命的起义军首领王和顺未能集结人，只好临时调换黄明掌门，而黄明则带领一百多个义工村团，攀登从悬崖到镇南关炮台，守卫的军队狼狈逃窜，占领了三座炮台，缴获了许多大炮。随后孙中山带着黄兴、胡汉民、日本人、法国人来了，“大功告成”。随后清军集结，开始反击。起义军还击后，清军统帅陆荣廷也发了一封投降书，语气十分恭敬，但不知为何，孙中山没有答应。这边，陆荣霆发起了猛烈的攻击。起义军与清军血战七日七夜，杀伤数百名清军，最终安全撤离。整个过程中，只有两个人被叛军杀死。后来，梁烈亚的记忆，孙中山的到来，赏赐消失，成为首领对造反军的精神演讲，造反军开会，起义军受到极大鼓舞。不仅如此，孙中山还下到炮台，深入老百姓家，探望穷人。但在梁的记忆中，起义军变成了500多人。在邹鲁的笔下，梁亚珠（疤痕拉梁饰），一个只向起义军借用武器的清军将领，在梁的记忆中参与了起义。

在清朝的官方记录中，没有记载起义者如何占领堡垒。只是一大群歹徒来作案。当时的广西总督张明启甚至称，给朝廷的电报里有4000个黑帮。前线指挥员陆荣廷的报告对战斗进行了详尽的描述。又说，血战七日七夜，杀敌。缴获了六十或七十支枪，重新夺回了堡垒。 Of course, Zhang Mingqi, the governor of Guangxi, who was about to hand over to the Ministry for deliberation, would be fine if he committed the crime and made merit. Lu Rongting was greatly rewarded and was promoted to an official position.

However, in the memories of He Sui, a senior officer of the new army who later served in the new army in Guangxi, he mentioned the border of Guangxi. At that time, the forts in the area of ​​Zhennanguan in Guangxi were all built by Su Yuanchun, the military chief of Guangxi in the 1880s and 1890s. By the time of the New Deal at the end of the Qing Dynasty, the cannons had long since rusted and could not be used. The border is uninhabited for dozens of miles, and it is very desolate. When I asked a local official about the Zhennanguan Uprising, they said that the fort was occupied by the revolutionaries. No one knew at that time. Later, it was discovered that the blue sky and white sun flags were planted on the fort, and only then did they know that the revolutionaries were coming. Then Long Jiguang (Lu Rongting's boss) dispatched troops and bombarded them with cannons for several days, but there was no movement. In the report of Longzhou Customs to the superior, it also said that the revolutionaries themselves evacuated, and the Qing army made a big splash when they occupied it.

According to Hu Hanmin, who followed Sun Yat-sen to Nanguan, the French artillery captain who followed Sun Yat-sen found that only one of the three forts could be used. But these cannons were all aimed at Vietnam, and they couldn't hit the Qing troops even if they fired their cannons. If they wanted to change their direction, but there were no craftsmen, even if there were craftsmen, they couldn't change it for a while. It is impossible for Sun Yat-sen to fire the cannon by himself, and even the French firing the cannon has become impossible. In Liang Liya's memory, the Qing soldiers also discovered that the flag of the revolutionary army was flying on the fort, only to find that the fort was lost, and the defender of the fort had already joined the revolution. However, in the official archives, the news that the Zhennanguan Fort fell into the hands of the revolutionaries was not learned by local officials and defenders, but by the military aircraft department of the imperial court from Longzhou Customs, which was then relayed by the military aircraft department. The governor Zhang Mingqi ordered him to recover immediately. Longzhou Customs learned that the fort was occupied on October 28 in the 33rd year of Guangxu. Zou Lu recorded that the revolutionaries had already occupied the fort on the 26th. For almost three days, no one knew about the revolutionary uprising. The customs of the Qing Dynasty were handled by foreigners. They were busy with their own business, but they became the official first source of information. Therefore, in this uprising, it is very likely that these forts on the border of Guangxi have been deserted for a long time. Although there are defenders in name, there are actually no one. The revolutionaries just bought some stragglers and occupied the unguarded fort in Zhennanguan. During the occupation, there was no fighting. Otherwise, the fleeing enemy troops would have told their superiors no matter what. If the revolutionaries were not too flamboyant, no one would know how many days would pass. But the uprising happened after all, and Sun Yat-sen also went to the front. By the time the Qing troops counterattacked, these people had already withdrawn from Vietnam. The two sides did not lose a soldier or a soldier, and the "blood battle" exists only on the pen of both sides. Then, the Qing army had to make up a story, the commanders Long Jiguang and Lu Rongting wanted credit, and the governor Zhang Mingqi wanted to be excused. Although the cliché of "killing the enemy doesn't count" is actually not believed by anyone, but as long as the "lost ground" has been recovered, it's time to celebrate and ask for a reward. Naturally, there is no problem. On the side of the revolutionary party, the uprising that Sun Yat-sen personally attended, of course, also has a story. Several generations have come down like this, not only the number of participants, but also how the guns were fired, each person said the same thing. Calling Dahang's rewards as ideological and political work, coupled with petitioning to the poor and asking for hardships, has left a profound imprint on the later era. The worst part of the story is that the superior enemy army actually asks to surrender before the battle. What is even more strange is that the revolutionary party is not allowed to surrender such a powerful enemy, and it has to "blood war" with others. In the second half of Zou Lu's journal, a letter from Sun Yat-sen was recorded. In the letter, Lu Rongting's request to surrender was very abruptly changed to "come more to make an appointment" for Lu soldiers. The first payment is 30 yuan per person, and then another 100 yuan. In this case, Lu Rongting's 4,000 people will need more than 100,000 yuan just to pay the first payment. Lu Bu was the strongest army in Guangxi, and when this army was bought, Guangxi also won. However, the money could not be raised, and the uprising had to abort. It seems that Sun Yat-sen at that time did not dare to be like his descendants. However, Zou Lu, a historical pen of the Kuomintang, did not even close such a flaw and brought it out, which shows that it is not easy.

A story to be told on both sides naturally becomes an event, an uprising. Although, even an uprising may be just a story.

Huang Huagang: The Revolutionary Party and the People

Revolutionaries during the 1911 period were a typical heroic view of history. They are heroes and the common people are gangsters. Revolution is to realize the liberation first and then realize later, and rescue the gangsters with heroes. Therefore, starting from the Xingzhonghui, all revolutions and uprisings are essentially conspiracy riots by a few people. In the past, textbooks always accused revolutionary parties of not mobilizing the masses, but in the dictionary of revolutionaries, the concept of mobilizing the masses did not exist at all. They believe that revolution does not require mobilization, and that mobilizing the people at the bottom does more harm than good to the revolution. In other words, as far as the revolution is concerned, the common people are passive creatures.

Actually, most of the condescending revolutionists have compassion for the common people. Their revolution, to a large extent, is to save the common people and pull them out of the slave state of foreign (Manchu) rule. It has both the meaning of national liberation and the value of resisting tyranny. This feeling gave them decisive revolutionary legitimacy. Therefore, although most of the revolutionaries' uprisings and rebellions have failed, there are not many revolutionists who are traitors after being arrested.

The Huanghuagang Uprising in Guangzhou in April of the 1911 year was the uprising that the revolutionaries spent the most time, spent the most, and sacrificed the most before the Wuchang Uprising. Much has been said about the course of this uprising. To put it simply, it was Wen Shengcai, who was fighting alone, who came out to assassinate Fu Qi, which made the Qing Dynasty officials heighten their vigilance and hunt down party members, thus sabotaging the plan of the uprising. At that time, only the road led by Huang Xing really moved, and the original new army and defense battalion did not respond. Failure of the uprising is inevitable. In this uprising, the revolutionaries made careful planning and preparations, and raised the most money, more than 170,000. According to the standards of the time, it was enough to arm a town's army. Qing Dynasty officials also said that the firearms of the rebels were more advanced than theirs. However, even such an uprising mobilized only 800 selected vanguards - vanguards selected from the provinces. When it was really launched, there were less than 400 people, and only a hundred people attacked the Governor's Mansion, but they dared to launch it rashly. It seems that in the eyes of the revolutionaries, as long as they move, this person is enough to wipe out the huge Guangzhou. The common people in Guangzhou will follow them, but if they don't, they will not help the Qing government.

In the Huanghuagang Uprising, generally speaking, the revolutionaries treated the common people well. In their minds, revolution is to rescue the people from suffering. Therefore, when they encounter difficulties with the people, no matter what the situation is, they will help them involuntarily. When the Revolutionary Party attacked the Governor's House, it would temporarily stop its action whenever it encountered the elderly and children. It was originally planned to drop a bomb in a coffin shop, but because the shop's women and children lived behind the shop, they abandoned it. During the action, I met a girl who was separated from her family and was crying on the street. The party members told her to go away. She was so frightened that she could only cry and could not move her legs.这个党人只好拉着她，走入旁边一条街，想给她找个人家躲躲，可是连敲数家都不开门，最后党人敲一家裁缝店的门，还不开，党人大怒：再不开用炸弹炸了！这家不得已把门打开，党人令其接下女孩，方才离去。