药师本愿经讲记pdf原文电子版免费版|百度网盘下载

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生命中最重要的是生与死。最难解决的问题是生与死。一切诸佛与世间,无非就是我所证明的解决生死问题的经验和方法。讲义pdf原文 免费电子版是原文的扫描版,内容很全,可以收藏。

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目录

1、说说药师经书的由来

第二版标题

三译的历史

贾尔政说一分为一

贾尔说有明确的机会

甲三级流通点

A-部分

前言

世尊释迦牟尼,生于娑婆污土,强难化众生中,降生开悟,四生示范,超越九界。他的无畏和勇敢的精神真是令人难以置信!所以,当时的大乘、大乘弟子,都具有悲、悲、喜、舍。 《法华经》云:“众生见灾灭,火焚时,我净土不灭。”这就是释迦牟尼佛,他所化的众生,就是在娑婆污秽之地建立他的净土;殊胜极乐净土,药师琉璃光土。十方诸佛,有无畏大愿,有功德,有功德,有功德。

中国有佛教。 2000多年来,无论在文字、教义、知识和观点上,都具有历代古德、小言大义的开放,不曾堕落;只是在行动和行动上,逐渐失去了伟大、威严、无畏的精神。 ,外功德少,缺乏独立性,依附于别家,无法修行自立诸佛,推荐去清净佛国。因此,追求生命极乐的净土宗,在中国尤为发达,急死之心渴望延年益寿。至此,佛教全都变得被动颓废,失去了生机勃勃的自然生机。不能自立,虽有高深玄妙教法,不能启迪生命的愚昧,冰霜行走,缘起渐起。

唯有我亲授太虚法师,持世尊释迦牟尼之愿,现弥勒菩萨化身。此刻风雨凄凉,人心堕落,我高高坐在狮座上,发出正式的命令,提醒佛法扁平化的道理。以创造人间净土为回报的宗庆后,20多年来一直在做这首雄心壮志的乐章。特应四明禹王寺之邀,传授《药师本愿经》。佛经《三因缘》中说:“世尊释迦牟尼:”救命之事,交给东方药师;救死之事,归于西方阿弥陀佛。”又说:“但此佛法,是释迦牟尼托药师之法,在此经中有解说;此佛法,昔日灭亡惨重,有补偏、除恶之功效。它的作用特别适用于现代人类生活中相互扶持、相互扶持的关系。”他还说:“所以,今天的佛教行者应该牢记药师如来发愿和修行的方法在心中。 .唯有这肮脏邪恶世界的力量,才能将这肮脏邪恶的娑婆化为纯净的玻璃。”亲自教导他的师父,在这短短的几句话中,简略了他的一片心,帮助自己,化险为夷;修行的誓言也在这几句话中流露出来;被普通佛弟子遗忘已久的“佛法养活”,也在这几句话中活跃着。大海翻腾,波涛汹涌,他作了一个合理的、可量化的论据,这个“交集”就是证明,无需重复,可见佛弟子的教法和修行将是其次是药师和阿弥陀佛,生死修行。

智峰是个傻子,他曾经受命于自己的师父授命,在《药师加利》中的《名利双收》一文上讲了三天。

亮点

智峰是个傻子,他曾经受命于自己的师父授命,在《药师加利》中的《名利双收》一文上讲了三天。

司明延庆寺弟子芷峰前来奉命

一个

说说药师经文的由来

这本《药师琉璃光如来本愿功德经》有三种原因:

A、近人学佛讲究现用

生命中最重要的是生与死,而最难解决的问题只有生与死。是故诸佛在世间兴盛时,无非是宣说解脱生死问题的经验与方法,让一切众生依其修行。以解决生命中最困难的生死问题。比如世尊释迦牟尼降生为娑婆首领时,就顺应了这个境界的契机,展现了佛陀的教诲等东西。他所做的事情的目的,即使我们得到了生死问题的相应或最终解决方案。因此,当我们称释迦牟尼为老师时,我们通常称他为“三世的老师,四生的慈父”。所有的佛教徒弟子都被视为根本上师,当今世界流传的佛教教义,都是源自释迦牟尼佛。 .

但是,在中国大森林的大殿中,有三尊佛,中间是释迦牟尼,左右分别是药师和阿弥陀佛。高手的师父,就像是一动不动的奇妙身躯。虽然无所事事,但也无所事事。一切诸法不依此。中道之主,他也无需索取。然而,对于世间尚未生灭的众生,从如若无二的妙身,药师与阿弥陀佛两门法门开启。给东方药剂师救命之物;把救死的东西给西方的阿弥陀佛。盖东为四方之首,四时之春,万物生长,故属增寿延寿之事;西为四方之三,四时之秋。从这个境界得知,药师阿弥陀佛就是全身佛的大功用。灭灾灭亡虽有区别,但取其归身,无非是无为、无为的释迦牟尼佛。和身体的用途不同。还有三佛。

自唐宋以来,在中国,佛教以救死扶伤为主,趋向于阿弥陀佛。所以阿弥陀佛法最盛。有些中国人不知道释迦牟尼和药师的名字,但阿弥陀佛却是人人皆知的。可见唐宋以后的中国佛教偏向救死扶伤,有信仰的迹象。为此,社会上的人常常认为佛教是用来救死扶伤的;死后,要实现的是需要,而不是生命的需要。

近年来,佛教逐渐在中国各行各业中流行起来。有各种各样的团体经营和建立佛教,并且有许多学者依靠他们。他们特别关注新佛教精神在现代社会中的应用,比如设立佛教孤儿院。 、义务学校、医疗中心等社会公益事业,改善家庭和社会的生活,让普通人在此生获得佛法的利益。过去,重在推荐灵魂和拯救鬼魂的佛教,已经转变为支持现实生活的佛教。但此生佛法,是释迦牟尼托付给药师的法门,在本经中解释,它具有弥补偏执、化恶的功用,过去专致于极死,特别适合现代人的生活。相互扶持的关系,所以现在有必要说这部经。

然而,生命取决于药师阿弥陀佛的二佛。虽然生死的处理方式有很多种,但最终的解决方法还是要达到释迦牟尼佛。这是真正的法界,是每个人固有的天真佛陀,并非没有。若能以正道相见,则实世如境界,无假名命佛,平等智慧中,又岂有别的相,涅槃,生死,同为空花,则在第一真理中,生死难寻。那么,为什么会有生死被解决的欲望呢?既然没有开始,也没有觉知,一个人就如同梦中的泡泡一样坠入了生死之海,不停地旋转。这些佛诞生的原因,也是佛教成立的原因。自此,身至生死空,不可得,故无求于人;如果求生的欲望没有耗尽,就要依靠药师的方法来消灾,消灾,获得幸福和长寿。利乐包。例如,如果父母和妻子相互支持,就形成了一个家庭,每个家庭互相帮助和支持,就形成了一个社会。维持社会秩序,就形成了一个国家,甚至各国互相帮助,人类世界就完成了。不仅如此,宇宙中的各种形态、动植物,都存在着相互成长、相互支持的关系,构成了众生器物的世界。

再者,世间既有行、住、空,所以众生在其中,也有生、老、病、死、生、死、生。因此,没有死亡就没有生命,没有生命就没有死亡。是死的尽头。”正明生生死死,生下来,与父母、妻子、朋友、家人、社会,都有各种关系,如果能遵行这种消灾延年的方法,你能做各种对你有帮助的事业,出生的问题就解决了,死后,你必须随从善恶业因,在天界、人间、鬼畜、地狱中起起落落。如果你按照三乘的教法修行,你就可以出世六界,或者按照阿弥陀佛的法门往生净土,然后你就死了。所以,在生的时候,是互相资源,互相成长的关系。按照佛法,可以消灾延寿。死的时候,你会投生善道,或者投生清净。土地,甚至重生于六个亲戚。而这世间的生死两大事,也是有办法处理的。

所以在释迦牟尼佛中,救命之事,必须以这部经为根据;救死之事,属《阿弥陀经》等经。今天,我想把自唐宋以来就惨遭灭亡的佛教改成适应当今现实生活的佛教,以使人们学习佛法,并注意在现在的生活中应用它的机会。

B.中国著名的东震旦系土就是东方世界

药师佛所居住的东方琉璃世界,就是以这个娑婆世界为基础的。相传此界之东至十万嘎撒(罡河沙)世界,有一片土地,名净琉璃,其佛名药师琉璃光。以佛的眼光来看,十万嘎刹世界之外的世界,就像是法堂前舍利堂的耳朵;但在常人眼中,即使是说写的,也是模糊的、不可理解的、超乎想象的。你无法到达那里,这令人难以置信。但是按照佛法,顺着常人的心,还不如把浩瀚的事物缩小,讲出来。如果说释迦牟尼佛出生在中印度,应该是娑婆世界,那么中印度会经过东印度等小国,再到东震旦大陆,(又译成中国,天竺,体毒,真丹. 极光,八卦 东方叫真,东方叫“太阳”,都符合万物生长的意思。)那么东震旦纪的地球就可以算是东方琉璃的世界了玻璃。不仅如此,人类在这个世界的思想、文化、道德观,我们所居住的东方极光之地,也符合东方琉璃世界的药师法门。中国的思想文化,如孔、孟、老、庄等学说,以及尧、舜、唐、吴、周公等古圣,都注重生命道德、自我-修身、修身、家序、治国、太平。世界等等,都是生命的东西。如果从天方、犹太、埃及、希腊、罗马等古代中印度和西方国家来看,按照摩西、基督、慧慧等人的教义,他们说人类在世界是上帝创造的。死后,他回到了上帝的天国,所以他不寻求现实生活的解决方案。唯一的目的就是求神同情他早点出生在天国,所以他宁愿死。

由此将范围缩小看,以中印度为萨哈,从中印度到东方极光之地,犹如东方药师的世界。此外,它注重生命的事业,特别符合药师净土;印度中部和西方到犹太、罗马等地,倾向于救死扶伤,类似于西方极乐世界的重生方式。由此看来,今日东方华夏民族的东极光国,其民族性格,古圣先贤的道德文化,都与琉璃界的药师法相契合,这是提倡讲学的第二个理由。在这部经上。

C.依药师世界,建立新中国,人间净土

按前二义澄清,《药师经》中说释迦牟尼佛说东方有琉璃世界,世界有佛琉璃光。愿一切利益快乐众生得此果报,中间也有日月等菩萨住于其中。如果把它作为东震旦纪近距离观察,它可以被视为当今中国人的理想国度。如何实现这个理想的国家?在佛教中,所谓“三界唯心,一切法唯识”,就是以我们心中想象的玻璃世界为范本。如果工程师事先有计划,按照计划进行施工,那么这东极光之地,也就是,可以变成玻璃世界。因此,希望我国人民以玻璃世界为理想国,树立潮流的标准;按照药师的初心,立下誓言,让未来的世界变成现在的样子,集结一切行动,果实就会实现,琉璃世界就会实现。继续。

也就是说,如果地球上的人类在这个世界上相互交流,按照药师如来发愿的方法来修炼,形成一个玻璃世界,那么人类的理想世界众生并非没有实现的希望。因此,今天的佛教行者应该牢记药师佛如来,如何发愿和修行方法;单掌歌难,举象易。只有凝聚众人的力量,才能把这肮脏的轮回变成干净的玻璃。作为今天身陷困境的中国人,尤其是急需遵循这种方法,以寻求安全的出路。即便是现在,全世界的人类都在激烈的战斗,生命危在旦夕,唯有依靠这位药师的消灾延年之法,才能扭转乾坤。祸福是福,是讲这部经的第三因。

根据这部《药师经》,延年益寿的做法在中国还很流行;但是,能够解释这种做法的人很少。几十年来,我所到之处,从未遇到过此经讲法。今天,我可以在释迦如来神社的阿育王寺宣讲这部经,这确实是现代佛教中最值得纪念的事件之一。

药师琉璃光如来本愿功德

第二个标题

一个分区

1、药师 药师就是我们每天念诵的消灾延寿的药师佛。药师是《碧杀社小露》梵音的翻译,也可称为大医王佛。所谓佛,是无上的医王,能除一切苦,治百病。因此,药剂师被用作类比。药就是世间能治病的东西,比如药店里陈列的。但是,按照佛教的教义,不仅人生病了要吃药,世间的一切众生也时时沉浸在妄想和业力的疾病中,身心都充满了各种疾病。身体有病,有世俗药治;如果心脏有病,必须用合法药物治疗。在医学的意义上,医学是治疗疾病的东西。如果没有疾病,那就不是药。因此,从无病非药的反面来看,治病的药是多种多样的。但无外乎两种:一是治疗身体疾病的药物,二是治疗心脏病的合法药物。

医学是世界上治愈疾病的药物。自从神农尝到百草制药,中国就成为了药材的起源地。但是,药材不仅是植物等植物,还有金、土、碳、动物等矿物,还有鸟兽等动物。在我们在店里测试过的药品中,所有的成分和原料不超过矿物质、植物和动物三种。但是,按照药病的本义,只有病是病,药是药,这是狭义的。从广义上讲,天冷需要衣服,饿了需要食物,累了需要生活,困了需要旅行,即使是在旅行的时候,我们累了需要乘船和汽车旅行,而当我们睡觉的时候,我们用床休息;这样的东西不过是疾病,衣食住行不过是药。简而言之,生活中需要的只是疾病;需要的只是药物。所以,众生百病百病,天地万物皆非药。这是根据普贤菩萨与善财童子的一问一答,更能说明药与非药之意:一日普贤命善财上山采药,众生皆知。可以采摘可入药的植物和树木。而造化走遍山石,赤手空拳归来。被问到,他说山里都是药材,没有办法捡起来。莆仙又下令进山采非药。好运依旧空手而归。如果我再追问一下,我会看到山里到处都是它们,它们不是药,也没有办法捡起来。这是从医心上看的,所以山都是药;从非药之意,全山非药。是药还是非药,要看医生对不对。如果对了,堵住内容可以是药,如果不对,人参也能杀人。所以,在广义的医学上,虽然宇宙万物都可以成为药物的原料,但如果不是医生准备的,矿物质和植物都不是药物。为了治疗疾病,药物必须由医生配制。此外,还有丸剂、散剂、软膏剂、丸剂等药物。这就是所谓的“祖传秘方”。 “虽不知何时备,良心自知”,随时可以治病。概括起来,药材只有三种:即以矿物、植物、动物等为原料药;有按处方配制的药物;有现成的药物,如丸剂、散剂、糊剂和丸剂。

法药也有三种:1、经纶、2、五车、三车、一车、3、陀罗尼。佛陀依一切众生而立经与戒,都是为了治疗一切众生的身心疾病。一切众生都堕入痴痴,得业之身,百病缠身。佛陀教导所有的经典和戒律,以广泛地治疗它们;就连菩萨声闻都收藏了佛经和戒律,创造了理论,宣示了正义。它取之不尽,用之不竭,也充满了宇宙中的矿物质和植物,都是药材的原料。众生虽有八万四千种病,佛陀却教导了八万四千种方法,用机器施药治病。因此,有五辆车、三辆车和一辆车。五乘是人乘、天乘、声闻乘、缘觉乘、菩萨乘。对人的乘法,以五戒十善法对抗五恶十恶病;对天车而言,以四定、八定等法门,来中和散心诸病。这两个是世间三车的基础,是必须经过的阶梯,所以也说是五车。推上去,复诵世间三乘法门,使声闻与业识,依四圣谛十二因缘教法,断除三毒烦恼,解脱生死之苦。声闻等人所修的四圣谛法虽属于二乘,但为大乘所共修,故又称三乘法。也是修大乘菩提心一门的机会,然后把不常见的教法直接应用到一乘。佛对众生的根本性质不同,他运用五乘、三乘、一乘的法药,犹如世间的医生,为病人配药。陀罗尼,此云常持,常持无量教;又说遮盖一切恶病,持一切善法。这能治百病,就像药中的丸、散、膏、丸,都是祖传的秘方,不应该给别人看。盖常念咒,其义莫明,无须寻其义;若能照其修行,身暗封,口暗念咒,心暗观,三密相应,便得心应手,摆脱生死。 ,消除烦恼,有很大的神奇功效。此经中的药师真言若能诵持,亦能消灾得福,有起死回生之功效。综合以上药物和非药物,列表如下:

┌矿山、植物、动物

┌药品─┤制备与配药

药─┤└丸、散、膏、丹

││┌经典、法律、讨论

│└法药─┤五次,三次,一次

│└陀罗尼

非药物────○○○

一位老师展示了他可以用药物和佛法来治愈所有众生的身心疾病。他被称为老师。古称药师、义士、医师。前明代的矿药、兽药、经书的法药,必须由老师调配,方可入药;没有老师,就没有药。唐禅师黄渤说:“大唐无禅师”。他回答说:“不是没有禅,而是没有老师。”所以,老师是最重要的。世俗人如神农、扁鹊等,用药物治疗身体疾病,是医学的老师。地上的菩萨对前人说自己也叫药师,对佛说自己也是病人。地前菩萨对人、天二乘说话,又名药师。如果他对地上的菩萨说话,他也是一个病人。就连人神都对邪灵之外的众生说话,也被称为药师,分的不多,但其实是病人。只有恶人是外人,但他们是病人,不是药剂师。另外,九界的圣者都是病人,但佛界才是终极的药师。如果从非上师的角度讲,那么恶、外人、人、天等都是非上师,二乘少菩萨是非上师,唯有佛不被俘虏。非大师。还有,佛法身无处不在,应生万物,神变难测。并自用身,持佛自生功德。现在他被利用了,他应该在飞机上,成为地面上的老师。 Now the great Buddha is a teacher in response to the opportunity of the earth; now the small Buddha is a teacher in response to the opportunity of the second vehicle, human and heaven; Therefore, only the Buddha is the ultimate pharmacist. Now to show it again:

Master────────Buddha ──────Self-use of the Buddha’s Dharma

│ On the ground──────He uses the Buddha│

│ In front of the earth──────Great Buddha├body

│ Two Vehicles──┬──── Xiaohua Buddha│ 

│ days ──┘ │

│ People ──┬────Follow the Buddha┘Buddha

Not a teacher────── evil──┘

2、 Glazed Glaze Glazed Glazed Light is in Sanskrit dialect, and the Sanskrit pronunciation is "Xue Liuli Bo La Po drink ���^ also". Liuli, Guyun Xueliu, or Bark Liuli. Usually, when you hear the word "glass", you immediately think of the physique of the colored glass lamp hanging in front of the Buddha in the hall, but it's not. Liuli is translated according to the Sanskrit sound, which is similar to Liuli. The gem is the same as the precious jade, its body is transparent, like the color of azure, with a crystal quality, the outside and inside are penetrating, and the inside and outside are reflected; the so-called glazed light is the pure light contained in this azure treasure. It is a sign, like a cloudless blue sky, full of radiance of the sun, because it is bright and pure, it shows its high and blue sky; because it is high and blue, it shows its bright and pure, it can be likened to. This cloudless and unobstructed emptiness manifests the utterance and absoluteness of the emptiness of the first meaning; this emptiness of the first meaning is filled with prajna, such as the light of indistinguishable wisdom, and the wisdom of prajna without discrimination illuminates the emptiness of the first meaning At the same time, from the likeness of the situation, the wisdom of the likeness appears, and the wisdom of the situation is like the non-duality of the likeness. And the Mount Sumeru made of the Four Treasures, the one that covers the South Jambudi where we live, is called the Jewel of Lapis Lazuli. Our clear sky with no clouds and barriers to the Gao Rili sky is the blue-colored precious light emitted by Fei Liulibao. This appearance is really like the defilement, or the Tathagata's possession of the perfect enlightenment. Covered by all obstacles in the sky, the pure and blemish-free bark glazed precious light is also like prajna indistinguishable wisdom, sweeping away the emptiness and no confusion and defilement, and illuminating the true nature of the Tathagata of the Dharma Realm. Second, the meaning of the colored glaze is very consistent with the ideal goal that the Chinese people today want to achieve; Mr. Sun Yat-sen used the blue sky and the white sun as the national flag of the Republic of China. . The Buddha's teachings have all the opportunities for rationality, and this glazed light is especially in line with the rationality of the first meaning of the empty realm, and it is also an opportunity for the Chinese nation to establish the Republic of China.

3、 The Tathagata, the Tathagata, can be combined with the two meanings of the pharmacist and the lazuli light: Ru, that is the lazuli light, come, that is the pharmacist. If it is like a glazed light, it is the same as it does not change; there is no difference and no distinction, it is everywhere, and it is called the same in the future. It is said that Ru Ruzhi is like Ru Ruzhi, Ru Ru Ru Zhi is like Ru Ru Zhi, and the reason is devoid of reason, so it is called Ru Ru; that is to say, there is no discrimination at all, and it proves that there is no distinction at all, such as the wonderful nature. This truth is like the wonderful nature. The three sages and the second vehicle in front of the earth have not yet been proved, and the bodhisattvas on the earth have separately demonstrated it. Only the Buddhas of the ten directions have finally demonstrated it, just like the pure and perfect light of the glazed lapis lazuli. Come to the pharmacist, all the Buddhas will realize the true nature, and they are equal and inconceivable. However, as sentient beings in the ten directions are delusional and unaware, their delusions are reversed, and they cannot be realized. In order to get rid of upside-down delusions, remove the clouds and mists of ignorance and see the Buddha's sun shining in the sky, it is through the power of great compassion and vows to show Buddhahood from the true nature, to dispense medicines in response to illnesses, and to educate and transform sentient beings, this is the medicine master! The Sanskrit sound of the Tathagata is "內兒開多"; it is also the "Dota Agata" in the remaining sutras "Dota Agata, Araha, and Samak Sam Buddha". In a word, the covenant and the realization of the truth and the wonderful nature belong to the ruthlessness; the appearances and appearances of life, death, walking, standing, sitting, lying, etc., in appearing, teaching, and transforming sentient beings, are all captured by righteousness. Therefore, the Tathagata, coming is not coming, not coming. From the perspective of its meaning, if you walk, if you live, if you sit, if you lie down, etc., you will come here; if you look at it from the perspective, if you walk, if you live, if you sit, if you lie down, etc., all will come and go. Such as. Therefore, you do not see the Tathagata in walking, standing, sitting, lying, etc., nor do you see the Tathagata while walking, standing, sitting, lying, etc. The Diamond Sutra says: "The Tathagata has no place to come from, and nowhere to go. .

4、 The merits and virtues of the original vows The merits and virtues achieved on the Medicine Master Fruit are all derived from the great vows made when practicing the bodhisattva path in the ground. Therefore, the great vows made in the grounds and the results are solemn, hence the name of the original vows. However, the vows made by all Buddhas and Bodhisattvas in their origins and places differ from one to another: those who make vows are the four great vows of "the boundless vow to save sentient beings, the endless vow to cut off afflictions, the immeasurable Dharma door to learn, and the unsurpassed Buddhist path to be fulfilled"; You can add the "Boundless Vows of Blessing and Wisdom" as the five vows. However, this fifth vow has already been exhausted in the fourth "Supreme vow of the Buddha's way", which covers the attained Buddha's way, that is, the two-legged deity of blessing and wisdom, so there is no need to make the fifth vow. This is the universal vow made by the Buddhas and Bodhisattvas of the ten directions. Among the general vows, there are different vows, such as the forty-eight vows of Amitabha, the twelve great vows of the pharmacist, and the eight vows and four vows issued by the rest of the Buddha. Although the various vows made by all Buddhas and Bodhisattvas are immeasurable and boundless, we might as well take Amitabha’s forty-eight vows as the foundation, Medicine Master’s based on the twelve great vows, and even each of the Buddhas has its own fundamental vows, taking the rest of the vows as branches and leaves. The original wish is also the fundamental wish.

The so-called person who makes a vow is the common so-called determination. Once the determination is made, the determination to achieve it will be fulfilled. If ordinary people enter schools, churches, etc., they must also submit a letter of volition before they can be allowed. The place of ambition is the root cause of successful construction, so the establishment of volunteers is a problem that is the first step in life. All Buddhas and Bodhisattvas make their vows because of the ground, and the same is true, vowing that, despite the hardships and hardships, they will have an unyielding spirit of sacrifice to achieve their goals. However, the reason why it is different from ordinary people's aspirations is that the Buddhas and Bodhisattvas all start from the pure heart when they make the wish to seek Buddha's wisdom from the ground, and to resolve the fascination. It is said that it is accomplished by thinking of the mind in the five universal actions, desire in the five different states, overcoming the understanding, and wisdom in the eleven good deeds. It is not only the desire in other states.

Also known as the oath, the oath is an oath. Once a clear will is established, it is bound by an oath, and it must be fulfilled by volition. Therefore, the so-called human patient suffers from lack of determination. If the determination is established, it will surely succeed. Now that the Bodhisattva has made the boundless vows and vows to save all sentient beings, even though he has gone through some setbacks and obstacles, he will surely reach his goal one day. For example, the water of hundreds of rivers and rivers, although blocked by hills and rocks, finally converges to the sea, the so-called "how can the streams be retained, the sea will become waves in the end". Therefore, looking at the universal vows of all Buddhas and Bodhisattvas, their vows are immeasurable and boundless, and the fruit they have achieved by practicing this vow, and their installation of the Dharma door for universal benefit to all living beings, are also endless and without stagnation. Look at it from the vows above. For example, when Amitabha vowed to become a Buddha, the name was universally heard. If you hear my name, you will be reborn. If you don’t fulfill it, you will not become a Buddha. Today, Amitabha has become a Buddha. It will also be done. Another example is that every time on the water and land rituals, "I only hope that I will not violate this oath." This does not violate this oath. It is an element of maintaining personality and credibility. Just like the sages and sages in ancient China, whoever has done something, must be practiced and fulfilled. Therefore, those who study Buddhism must first make a vow to cover themselves, supervise themselves, and spur themselves.

Furthermore, although one has the original vow, it must be fulfilled through meritorious deeds so that the original vow can be fulfilled; if the four great vows such as the boundless vow to save sentient beings are made, one must practice the six perfections, the four acquisitions, and other victorious deeds, and the merits will be fruitful. Perfection, can realize the ideal of the boundless vows of sentient beings; Therefore, it is usually said to generate bodhicitta and practice bodhisattva behavior: this bodhicitta is the heart of seeking the Buddha’s way above and the mind of transforming sentient beings below; Four photographers: generosity, love language, benefit deeds, and colleagues. The six degrees are: generosity, precepts, patience, diligence, meditation, and wisdom. It is necessary to take this and other achievements to complete, and then to obtain the solemn and wonderful use of fruit status, which is the so-called merit. The virtues are called virtues of the meritorious family; but there are virtues manifested by virtues, and virtues produced by virtues: the virtues manifested are the inaction virtues, such as the original ones, but they cannot be manifested due to the obscurity of delusional attachments. The accomplishment of meritorious deeds and sweeping away the obscurity of ignorance is manifested in the natural virtue. The virtues born are like cultivating the six degrees of ten thousand deeds. Because of generosity, one can obtain all kinds of Dharma treasures, and even because of meditation, one can obtain all kinds of free and wonderful uses. Therefore, virtue is manifested by merit and deed, and virtue is generated by merit and deed; and these two virtues are accomplished by deeds and deeds made by vows and vows. Therefore, the Yakushi Lazuli Light Tathagata's righteousness, dignified and virtuous virtues are also consummated by the original vows of the origin and place.

5、 Sutra Sanskrit Sutra, or Suta cable, this translation is Sutra; the literal translation is line. Just as cloth and silk must be woven with warp and weft threads, scattered flowers can run through the threads; it is a true metaphor for all dharmas in the dharma realm, birth and Buddha are equal, neither increase nor decrease, and sentient beings are confused, so they are scattered and lost, and they do not form a system. Such as grasping the outline of the net, it runs through and appears. In addition, in general, Shutuola covers all the classics, and narrowly, only those who speak directly of Shutuola in the Twelve Books. In addition, when the Buddha heard the Dharma through sound and words, there was no written script at the beginning, but after the Buddha was assembled by the disciples, the scriptures were formed through the Buddha's words, like threads and flowers. After being taught in China, he taught the law. The words and teachings of the ancient sages and sages are enough to be regarded as a standard for all ages, and those who serve as models in the world are called sutras; this is equivalent to the Buddha's Shutara, so it is translated as sutras. In addition, the translation of the sutra has two meanings: qi li and opportunity: qi li, the Buddha's teachings, are all in line with the truth, and are sealed by the seal of reality and the seal of the three laws. For those who have an opportunity, the Buddha's teaching is to enable all living beings to enlighten and enter the Buddha's knowledge.

B combined release

1、 Medicine Master Glazed Light The Medicine Master Glazed Light is the nickname of this Buddha. Although it is another name, this Medicine Master Glazed Light is also the wisdom of compassion for all Buddhas and Bodhisattvas to realize and cultivate together. Because of his great compassion, he drives the Mercy sailing backwards, and dispenses medicines in response to illnesses. He is a great pharmacist. But sadness alone cannot make things happen, and only through the indistinguishable and wonderful wisdom of the glazed glass light, can the unimaginable original wishes of the cause be fulfilled, and the unimaginable virtues take place. From the inconceivable great compassion, the inconceivable wisdom arises, and from the inconceivable wisdom, the inconceivable great compassion is realized, and the meaning of the medicine master's lilac light is manifested. Compassion and wisdom, juxtaposed with the pharmacist and the glazed light, are the opposite interpretations in the six-harmonious interpretation; if the pharmacist is the glazed light, it is the interpretation according to the master; if the pharmacist is the glazed light, he also holds the karmic interpretation.

2、 The Medicine Master Lazuli Light Tathagata The Medicine Master Lazuli Light Tathagata, the Medicine Master Lazuli Light, is the alias of this Buddha; the Tathagata is the common name of all Buddhas. Those who can have the qualifications to be called Tathagatas have all exhausted the five dwellings, and the two have died forever. And this medicine master lapis lazuli light, the ability of all Buddhas to realize him, should be fully equipped, so it is also called the Tathagata. But the pharmacist lapis lazuli light is a different meaning, and the Tathagata has a general meaning, and if it is captured, it is different, and it is communicated according to its other name.

3、 The original vows and virtues of the Pharmacist Lazuli Light Tathagata, the original vows and virtues of the Pharmacist Lapis Lazuli Light Tathagata show that this sutra is the original vows and virtues of the pharmacists; it is called the majesty of the ten thousand virtues that have been achieved due to the vows made in the ground, This is also the interpretation of the Lord in the Six Harmonies. Therefore, the Chinese sentences can be combined and divided. When divided, each sentence is independent to express its meaning; when combined, it is like a string of beads, which can run through and hold.

4、 The scriptures of the original vows of the Pharmacist Lazuli Light Tathagata. The scriptures of the original vows of the Pharmacist Lazuliguang Tathagata are based on the words and teachings that can be interpreted as the scriptures. Interpretation of different meanings is only for this sutra; it can interpret the teachings, and it can pass through the sutras in the three sutras of the classics and laws; In a broad sense, the teachings, actions and fruits of all the Buddhas are called sutras; therefore, the teachings, actions and fruits of Medicine Buddha are called sutras. In this way, the original wish of the Pharmacist Lazuli Light Tathagata is the sutra, and he also holds the karma, so it is said: The Pharmacist Lapis Lazuli Light Tathagata's original vows and virtues.

Three History of Interpretation

Tang Sanzang Master Xuanzang translated by edict

此稽译史,即考此经译来之历史。佛经皆须考其译史者,明其来源,方可证信。中国之佛经皆出翻译,因佛降生于中天竺,当时以音声说法,原无经典,后经弟子结集,始有梵本文字。又印度文字,亦极复杂,而其古来最通用者,厥唯梵文,故中国经典,多译自梵文。但亦有其他文字,如南方之巴利文等。故中国之经典,有自梵文译来,有自巴利文译来;而大乘经典,多译自梵文。亦有从印度先传丘慈、于阗等国,而间接译来中国者,由梵语而成华言。但此经在中国曾经五译,今此流行本言唐三藏法师玄奘奉诏译,正为五译中之第四译。今略明五译之概史于下: 

甲、晋帛尸梨密多罗译 在六朝之初,东晋之时,有西域三藏名帛尸梨密多罗者,此云“吉友”(善友之义),初翻此经,名佛说灌顶拔除过罪生死得度经。但无独立本,乃附于佛说灌顶大神咒经中。此经古有十二卷,今在清藏合订六卷,而属于最后一卷。此帛尸梨密多罗三藏,为中国密宗经典初翻之人。普通谓密典至唐善无畏、金刚智、不空等时始有,其实唐前已有;如大灌顶神咒经、大孔雀王经等,皆属密部。又谓唐前为杂密,言其未成系统,但此为唐人言论;其实、东晋吉友等翻大灌顶等经,亦为中国密典之丛书;而此师为中国唐前之极重密宗者,亦见其所从来之西域,其时密部已极流行,故翻译时,将此药师经,亦摄入大灌顶神咒经之最后品。故此大灌顶经,亦犹大宝积经之糅集多经而成,在此师译附于大灌顶经观之,固视为密宗之经典也。

乙、宋慧简译 此在东晋后,南北朝之刘宋孝武帝时代,有慧简法师,在鹿野寺再翻此经。名药师琉璃光经。今藏经中已佚此本,但古大藏目录中,尚载其名。又在达磨笈多第三译之序文上,亦叙述其事,故信有此译也。

丙、隋达磨笈多译 在六朝之末,隋文帝大业十一年时,达磨笈多复翻此经。达磨译法,笈多译行,即法行三藏所译。法行为主译,尚有余人为助译,故其经上表法行等译。名佛说药师如来本愿经。序因慧简之译,于梵文、华文未善,故作第三译云。

丁、唐玄奘译 今本题唐三藏法师玄奘奉诏译,即此第四译是。玄奘三藏于唐太宗贞观初年间,因感经典义理残舛,发愿入印求法,所谓策杖西游,周历诸国。居印度十七年,遍学大小乘教典。至贞观二十年外,重回中原,从事译经。在中国译经史上,翻译最多,亦最正确。今此药师琉璃光如来本愿功德经,即其所译。玄奘其名,三藏法师乃所称之德号;以其能通彻经律论三藏之法,依此为师,且能将三藏法广为宣扬为人天之师,故名三藏法师。其译经历唐太宗、唐高宗两朝。奉诏译者,即奉太宗或高宗之诏,建立译场。其翻译时,有度语者,笔受者,证义者,润文者多人,而以唐三藏为主,故标以斯名耳。

戊、唐义净译 自唐太宗后,经过唐高宗,至武则天朝,约在玄奘三藏后二三十年间,有义净法师者,踵法显之芳躅,慕玄奘之高风,遍游印度,归而复译此经,名曰药师琉璃光七佛本愿功德经。然玄奘既译此经,义净何须再译?其所以重译者,药师佛虽与奘译相同。而余六佛,则为奘译所无,故须重译。其译本今在藏中,上下两卷,七佛本事,备述其中。

总观其全文,初亦由曼殊室利菩萨,请佛说诸佛名号本愿功德,释迦佛乃告曼殊室利:东方去此,过四��伽河沙佛土,有世界名曰无胜,佛号善名称吉祥王如来,彼佛国土,清净庄严,乃至初发心时,发八大愿等;此为第一大段之文。

复告曼殊室利:东方去此,过五��伽河沙佛土,有世界名妙宝,佛号宝月智严光音自在王如来,乃至彼佛初发心行菩萨道时,亦发八大愿等;此为第二大段之文。

复告曼殊:东方去此,过六��伽河沙佛土,有世界名圆满香积,佛号金色宝光妙行成就如来,乃至彼佛初发心时,发四大愿,及见众生苦恼,为除业障,即说神咒等;此为第三大段之文。

复告曼殊:从此东去,过七��伽河沙佛土,有世界名无忧,佛号无忧最胜吉祥如来,乃至彼佛世尊,行菩萨道时,发四大愿等;此为第四大段之文。

复告曼殊:从此东去,过八��伽河沙佛土,有世界名法幢,佛号法海雷音如来,乃至彼佛行菩萨道时,发四大愿等;此为第五大段之文。

复告曼殊:东方去此,过九��伽河沙佛土,有世界名善住宝海,佛号法海胜慧游戏神通如来,乃至彼佛行菩萨道时,亦发四大愿等;此为第六大段之文。以上六佛,初二佛各发八愿;后四佛,各发四愿;此总为卷上之文。

其卷下之文,即从此娑婆东去,过十��伽河沙佛土,有世界名净琉璃,佛号药师琉璃光如来,从初发心,即发十二大愿,且有咒语,皆与今本相同;惟药师佛说咒后之经文,较今本稍异。今本咒后之文,明闻药师佛名所获之利益,而彼则皆明闻七佛名号之利益,此其不同一也。又彼于药叉神将,闻七佛名号已,发愿卫护是法。时诸天人之众,有疑惑不信者,佛知彼等心念,即入惊召一切如来甚深妙定,十方世界六种震动,七佛应召来会证盟其事,为今本所无,此其不同二也。复次、七佛既来,即异口同声,说大神咒,其咒名如来定力琉璃光,亦为今本所无,此其不同三也。其后、执金刚菩萨,与释梵四天,复说一咒,亦为今本所无,此其不同四也。最后执金刚菩萨复说一咒,又为今本所无,此其不同五也。是故彼经共有五咒:即初、香积佛说除业障咒;2、药师佛说消灾咒;3、七佛说咒;4、执金刚与释梵四天说咒;5、执金刚说咒是也。

今大清龙藏中,尚有番字药师七佛本愿功德经,考其文义,与义净所译相同。昔人认作梵文,实为西藏文本,此谙藏文者,一见即知也。此西藏番字本,亦译自印度梵文,故与义净之译相同,今存藏中,即在净译之下。今听讲所用民国十一年之宁波版本,其说咒语,与旧本不同者,即自番本中录出。以其误认番本为梵文,故抄录之,然实非梵文也。如以“簿伽筏帝”为“八葛瓦帝”等,与西藏音相近,是其明证。又奘译无咒,其咒乃自净译中添入,而义净译自梵文,故知今所诵之咒,乃唐译梵音。

如上所言五译之同异,其药师佛之文旨大同,而与七佛详略差别。又中三译无咒,前后二译有咒,复加西藏之番字本;此为本经译传中国之略史。由是观之,初帛尸梨密多罗所译有咒,且属大灌顶经之一品,则此经属于密部。自第2、第3、第四,三译观之,既无咒语,复无说咒之文,则此经即近于净土经典。迄至义净之译,前后五咒,则此经又属密部无疑矣。由此五译之相异,亦可窥见佛教流行变迁史之一斑。盖帛尸梨密多罗来自西域,想其时西域密教已甚盛矣,而在印度、中国则未极流行。以宋、隋及唐玄奘时,印度中国皆大乘性相,法幢高建,故其译此近净土经也。及义净时,印度密教复盛,故其译时多添咒语,则此复属密部焉。此在佛经翻译史上,佛教因各处地域之异,各时趋势之别,亦随之而变易,然吾人亦正由是而可知佛教变迁之历史与情势矣。

由上说来,知今诵讲之流通版本,非全出玄奘所译,其咒乃从义净译本增入;即文句亦间参揉净译,故今本可说奘净二译之合订本。且民十一年之宁波版本,尚误刊“厌”、“魔”等数字,及在观世音菩萨等名上,增添南无二字,较诸旧流通本,不无出入。此乃总稽本经译史之概要也。

四 提网要 

未讲经文之义,先提纲要者,如网得纲万目皆彰,如衣提领全襟齐直。闻者能握得此宗要,则全经文义,自可了然。通常解释经题,如天台之五重玄义,贤首之十重玄谈等,今在此经之释名题,考译史,提纲要亦可摄之。盖隋唐前诸德开讲玄要,本无固定的呆板方式,亦不斤斤乎五重或十重。其讲解时,每就各经之所宜,悬谈大义,今提纲要等,亦与其理相合也。此经之总纲,可作两大段观:1、智示药师依正行果,2、悲济像法转时有情。

甲 智示药师依正行果 

此经之纲宗,可由曼殊与佛之问答中显示。如金刚经须菩提问佛:“云何应住?云何降伏其心”?由此两大问题,引起佛之解答,已将金刚经纲宗,昭然如揭。本经云:“尔时曼殊室利法王子,承佛威神,从座而起,偏袒一肩,右膝著地,向薄伽梵曲躬合掌,白言:“世尊!惟愿演如是相类,诸佛名号,及本大愿,殊胜功德”。此以曼殊之大智上求佛道,故作此问。由此问故,佛说药师佛之名号国土,及其本因地中行菩萨道时所发十二大愿,与夫果德圆成之依正庄严。此一大段文义,为本经上半部之纲要,亦即“药师琉璃光如来本愿功德”之所由立名也。 

乙 悲济像法转时有情 

曼殊之问,含有二义,初以大智感佛说药师本愿行果功德。次曰:“令诸闻者,业障消除,为欲利益像法转时诸有情故”。此由曼殊之大悲下济有情,故发斯问,感佛说药师本愿功德,使诸问者得大法益,拔除业障,消灾安乐。此皆由曼殊之大悲心所驱使而发问,故佛赞许言:“曼殊室利!汝以大悲,劝请我说诸佛名号本愿功德,为拔业障所缠有情,利益安乐,像法转时诸有情故”。故此一大段文,为曼殊大悲恩济像法转时之有情,为本经下半部之纲要。但此大段文中,又可分为两段:1、拔除一切业障,2、十二神将饶益有情。

1 拔除一切业障 

(1)如来加被 此言闻说药师名号,本愿功德,依之修习,即可拔除一切业障,得大利益安乐,蒙佛加被,消灾延寿,故此经亦名拔除一切业障得度生死经。但此中亦可分二段言之:1、闻名灭罪往生,2、诵咒除病离苦。

闻名灭罪往生者,即诸愚痴无智众生,阙于信根,生造诸不善业,死招三途极恶之报,但由闻此药师名号本愿经故,使得灭罪往生。如云:“尔时、世尊复告曼殊室利童子言:有诸众生,不识善恶,惟怀贪吝,不知布施及施果报,愚痴无智,阙于信根,多聚财宝,勤加守护,见乞者来,其心不喜,设不获已而行施时,如割身肉,深生痛惜!复有无量悭贪有情,积聚资财,于其自身尚不受用,何况能与父母妻子奴婢作使,及来乞者?彼诸有情,从此命终,生饿鬼界,或傍生趣。由昔人间,曾得暂闻药师琉璃光如来名故,今在恶趣,暂得忆念彼如来名,即于念时从彼处没,还生人中”。此等经文,皆明由闻名灭罪,并得转生善道或往生净土者。

诵咒除病离苦者,上言闻名故蒙佛加被,拔除业障,得生善处。今明若能念诵药师真言,即可消除病苦,延年益寿。如言:“曼殊师利!若见男子女人有病苦者,应当一心,为彼病人,常清净澡漱,或食,或药,或无虫水。咒一百遍,与彼服食,所有病苦悉皆消灭。若有所求,志心念诵,皆得如是,无病延年。命终之后,生彼世界,得不退转,乃至菩提”。此言于此真言若自诵,若教人诵,皆得消灾获福者也。

(2)有情奉持 此言若人信受奉行诵读此经,即得获福免难与救命延寿之二种功德。

获福免难者,若能依教修行,受持此经,即于现实人生,获福免难。如云:“复应念彼如来本愿功德,读诵此经,思惟其义,演说开示,随所乐求一切皆遂:求长寿得长寿,求富饶得富饶,求官位得官位,求男女得男女”。此言读诵此经故,即于现生遂愿所求,获大福利。又云:“或有水、火、刀、毒、悬险,恶象、狮子、虎、狼、熊、罴、毒蛇、恶蝎,蜈蚣、蚰蜒、蚊虻等怖,若能至心忆念彼佛,恭敬供养,一切怖畏皆得解脱”。如是等文,皆言持诵此经,即得免除种种患难也。

救命廷寿者,上为佛说消灾周。此乃救脱延寿周。救脱菩萨为利有情故,示现种种延寿之法,使诸有情寿命相续。如救脱菩萨答阿难言:“大德!若有病人,欲脱病苦,当为其人,七日七夜受持八分斋戒,应以饮食及余资具,随方所办,供养�丘僧,昼夜六时礼拜行道,供养彼世尊药师琉璃光如来,读诵此经四十九遍,燃四十九灯。造彼如来形像七躯,一一像前各置七灯,一一灯量大如车轮,乃至四十九日,光明不绝。造五色彩�酰�长四十九杰手,应放杂类众生,至四十九日,可得过度危厄之难,不为诸横恶鬼所持”。此为救身病以延身命者;复有救国难以延身命,及救诸难以延诸命等文,皆救命延寿之法也。

2 十二神将饶益有情 

此即药叉誓护周。十二药叉神将,因闻佛说此经功德,即发愿于后末世,拥护此经,利乐有情。所谓:“我等今者,蒙佛威力,得闻世尊药师琉璃光如来名号,不复更有恶趣之怖。我等相率,皆同一心,乃至尽形归佛法僧,誓当荷负一切有情,为作义利饶益安乐”。是故此经,亦名十二神将饶益有情经,不无所以也。以法临像季,道高一尺,魔高一丈,行者因魔障故,唐捐其功;故先以曼殊之智悲感佛说法,复得药叉神将拥护是法,诚难事也。昔之讲者,往往将十二神将之文判入流通,实则应归正宗:盖像法转时,荷负是法甚仗药叉神将,饶益有情;况释尊定此经亦名十二药叉神将饶益有情,理宜归属正宗分也。上来所言两大段文,由曼殊之大智,示药师佛之依正行果;复由曼殊之大悲,济渡像法有情;而此悲济像法转时有情文中,复分拔除一切业障与神将饶益有情二段,则此全经之总纲彰矣。

前来释名题,稽译史,提纲要之三科,可为经前之玄谈,但尤重于提纲要。盖提其纲要,则全经段落章句,昭然分晓矣。且菩萨之法,不外上求无上菩提,下济有情诸苦,故遍一切大乘经旨,亦可于此曼殊之问而显之也。

又如菩萨造论,意在自利利他,故经论中言其缘起时,皆曰“为正法住世,利乐有情故”。所谓正法,即诸佛菩萨因中所发之誓愿,藉此修行而得证佛果依正庄严;亦使闻者依此修持而得佛果者是。如此经所明药师因果功德,吾人依此修行,亦可同证。又菩萨不同凡夫自私自利,其一举一动,一言一行,皆以利乐有情为前提,普为众生,方是菩萨发心。故菩萨之行位愈高,其悲愿愈切,末世众生愈苦恼,则菩萨愈显其悲济之能事也。通常所谓“好医门前病人多”,菩萨亦复如是,病苦之众生愈多,愈为其深切悲愿之所关也。复次、像法多魔,不特出世善法不易建立,即世间善法,亦受邪魔外道袭击与觊觎而欲毁灭之。故此经实由诸佛菩萨之悲愿,与夫药叉神将之护持,得以建立世出世间善法于今日,使众生依而修持。自其属净典观之,则为随愿往生修行不退于琉璃净土;自其属密典观之,则可拔除业障消灾延寿于娑婆当人,故此经乃兼具净土、真言、无量法门之功德者矣!

释 经 

甲一 叙请分 

乙一 叙述证信 

丙一 闻时主处 

如是我闻:一时薄伽梵,游化诸国,至广严城,住乐音树下。

入文解释,须分段落,方显文义。中国自晋道安法师已来,皆以序、正、流通三科,诠释经文,妙能契合天竺菩萨释经之方式,故千百年来胥依循之。虽三科大旨相同,而名称不妨随宜而异;故今解此经,亦分叙请、正说、流通三分。自如是我闻下,为叙请分;自尔时佛告曼殊室利东方去此下,为正说文;自尔时阿难白佛言世尊当何名此法门下,为流通分。叙请文中,又分通叙与别叙;通叙为证信叙,别叙为缘起叙。今此即证信之叙,此证信叙,古来解释二家不同:1、出龙树大智度论,明六成就:如是、为信成就;我闻、为闻成就;一时、为时成就;薄伽梵、为法主成就;广严城、为住处成就;至下与大�丘众等为听众成就。佛经有此六种成就,方可崇信。2、出亲光 佛地经论明五种证信,其言如是为指法之词,乃通指此经而言,如言如是之法,为我结集者所亲闻。

或如是之法,为当时佛在某处所说,而有法会大众之所共听。叙以证信,乃具五重:即1、如是我闻,为亲闻证亲信;2、一时、为说时证信;3、薄伽梵、为说主证信;4、广严城、为说处证信;5、与大比丘众等,为听众证信。此二解,虽稍有出入,然其理亦大致相同。今依五重证信讲之。

“如是”二字,集古德之解,有十七种,或二十一种之多。于中亦可作如此说:如者,维摩所谓:“一切法皆如也”。诸法缘生无性,当体如如,见此如如真理者为是,不见即不是,故曰如是。又佛说法,契理契机,契理即真为如,契机所宜为是。今解、结集者言:如是之经,为我亲闻,非辗转由他而闻,更非由外道天魔等而闻,乃依佛宣扬,为我亲闻。

此言我者,似与佛法常言无我、无人、无众生、无寿者之理相违,其实不然。以佛法言人法无我,乃无凡夫外道迷执之我,非无假名之1、凡夫众生上自天人,下至鬼畜,皆有俱生我执,恒执此五蕴业报之身为自1、而凡夫中之外道者,更于五蕴身上妄起计度分别我执:或计色为我,如言色大我小,我在色中;或色小我大,色在我中;或计受为我,或计想为我,或计行为我,或计识为1、如是等执,过患无量,故佛经说五蕴无我,即破此凡外妄计之1、金刚经云:“无我相,无人相,无众生相,无寿者相,无法相,亦无非法相”;此之谓也。但五蕴法虽无实我,亦不妨以我为五蕴和合假相之代名词,随俗称谓藉以辨别宾主,以便彼此呼应。如育王寺之名,本无固定之物,乃是由数百亩之山地,数百余之住众,及千百年来之仪轨等,众缘凑合而成之假相而已。故泛常亦称五蕴和合之假相为我,原无实体。今此言我,乃当时结集此经者,对法会大众之自称。但其与凡夫之称我不同,乃为无我之假名我,以内无凡外妄计之执故。金刚经所谓“如来说我者,即非是我,是名为我”;故此无我之我,纯为对机而称。又有深义者,此无我之我,乃诸法无我理所显之真如实性,此中无自他彼此相,无好恶是非相。结集此经之菩萨,深达此诸法空性而假呼我名耳。

闻者,依字义解,如平常言眼见耳闻等,则为耳根所闻。其实、耳根不能闻,闻者属耳识,不过以根为增上缘,声为所缘缘,识种为亲因缘,三缘和合,方能发识以闻。但耳识闻声时,无文义相,须待同时意识生起,方有文义相现,以成了别音义之用。故此闻之成就,操诸意识。是则由耳根发耳识,由耳识闻声音,由意识了别音义也。但既由根、尘、识三和合而闻,何不言耳等闻,而言我闻耶?然曰耳闻,则通诸耳,不能表现结集菩萨之亲闻;菩萨为举亲闻证信,故云我闻也。

一时者,即举佛说法之时以证信。其不指出某年某月某日某时者,因世界地域不同,年月日时随之而异,故不固定说为某时。如今地球上各国所用之历本,纪载时间,各各相异。即以中国言之,有阴历,有阳历,阴历之初一,非阳历之初一,阳历亦然。又如印度以初一至十五为白月,十六至三十为黑月,而以黑月之十六为初一,亦与中国适得其反。又佛说法,时而天上,时而人间,随众生之知解所见各异,放诸经中,皆不说定其时。今此所指之一时,即佛说此经结集菩萨与法众共听之时也。

薄伽梵者,为举说法主以正信。薄伽梵亦作婆伽婆,译音之异。其义为吉祥王、大威猛、极尊贵等等;因其含义甚多,故不翻译。中国译经,有五不翻,此为多含不翻。但亦有翻为世尊者,即经中──如来、应供至天人师、佛、世尊──十号中最后一号。亦有自如来至佛为十号,以世尊为总称佛之德号。盖佛于六凡、三乘世间中最极尊胜,所谓天中天、圣中圣是也。故此薄伽梵,即指佛而言。但佛为诸佛十号之通称,三觉圆,万德具,皆号曰佛;然以此土之教主为释迦佛,故只举一佛字时,即显为此土之释迦佛。若他土诸佛言此佛时,则须置释迦之名,方可区别。然佛佛道同,说此佛世尊,即通说十方诸佛世尊,说此佛法时,即通说十方诸佛之法,故佛常言:“住世四十九年,未曾说过一字”。正明此佛所说之法,乃为过现诸佛所同说之法。而吾人推崇本师,言此法为此佛所说,而佛实非以说法者自居;故说此佛所说之法,即过现诸佛所说之法,亦无不可。

游化诸国至广严城,住乐音树下者,此说佛说法之处所以为证信。佛自证菩提先至施鹿林中,为五比丘转四谛法-轮,然后游化经摩竭陀国而至此广严城。诸国,于仁王护国经说十六国;或说佛灭度时,国王共争舍利;故知佛说,实有诸国。此指人间而言,若其游化天上及龙宫华藏等,广施法雨,化无量众,则诸国之所包广矣。广严城、即毗离耶城之译义。此城广大,人民丰富,楼阁修饰,极其庄严,故以为名。乐音树、为树名,其林木中,迦陵频伽出和雅音,微风吹动,天然歌乐,故以为名。此广严城,喻如宁波;乐音树则如宁波之阿育王寺。佛游化经此,即憩息树下说法,此为住处证信,亦犹今之开会讲经,必有其住处也。

丙二 听众法会 

与大比丘众八千人俱,菩萨摩诃萨三万六千,及国王、大臣,婆罗门、居士,天龙八部,人非人等,无量大众,恭敬围绕,而为说法。

由前闻时主处,已可证信。但为流传千古,不使稍有怀疑,故此复引法会大众证信。如《弥陀经》等引众证信,并列其名,如长老舍利弗等,而今唯言比丘等众。 �刍与比丘音同,有言�刍指香草,从喻立名。其实、同音译比丘。比丘译义甚多,而其本义,厥惟乞士。乞士者,乞食以活身命,乞法以资慧命。乞食以活身命者,依出家法,舍弃家产游化人间,乞食活命,随处宣教,度诸有缘,威仪端严,导俗敬信,令施食者广种福田,故乞食资身,属利他德。乞法资慧命者,乞求佛法,慧命相续,功德成就,乃属自利。具此二德,方号比丘。比丘众中,其无学者,为大比丘;未具戒者,有沙弥众。又依戒律,在家出家,各有男女二众。而此专指比丘众者,众、为僧伽和合之义。此大比丘众,已证四沙门中果,为众中上首故。此比丘众,数有八千。

复有菩萨摩诃萨其数三万六千者:菩萨、具云菩提萨�省F刑帷⑽�无上觉,萨�省⑽�有情。正显菩萨初发心时,即上求正觉,下化有情。约四弘誓愿说:法门无量誓愿学,佛道无上誓愿成,为上求;众生无边誓愿度,烦恼无尽誓愿断,为下化。但约广义言,从初善心至等觉地,皆为菩萨。则此为初心耶?抑等觉耶?故以摩诃简别;摩诃为大,即大菩萨。自十信初心菩萨至初住位,复经十住、十行、十回向、至登初地即称大地菩萨,乃证诸佛菩萨所证之真如实际理地,方称为大;具无量义利故为多;居三乘之首故为胜;具此大、多、胜、三义,方是菩萨中之摩诃萨。今此会中,摩诃萨众,三万六千。比丘为佛近眷属,常随侍佛;菩萨众乃佛之大眷属,能助诸佛转法-轮者。

国王为一国之主,犹今共和民国之元首、总统、或主席。大臣为国王之辅弼,左宰右丞,以及文武大官,皆辅助国事者;如今之院长,部长等。婆罗门、此译净裔。释迦佛未应世时,印度有外道言:天地万物未生之前,有大梵大,超然独上,人类万物由之而生。其生时,有自脚底而生,有自两膝而生,有自两肩而生,有自其口而生,此为形成印度四姓阶级之因素也。而此婆罗门种,即由梵天口生;梵为净义,故曰净裔。此婆罗世掌全国文化事业,教导人民,如中国古之文人大儒,教育民生,而居执军政之刹帝利上;故知印度实为教重于政之国。居士、乃素封之家,可端居乐道,为农工商界之领袖,社会之优秀份子也。如是等众,皆为人间听法之众。

复有天龙八部,无量大众。奘师译本,天龙之下,加有药叉二字,今本则无,乃将药叉摄八部中。天在人上,有欲界天,色界天、无色界天;三界共有二十八天。龙、通常专指兴云施雨者;在佛教中,具大神变,有大威力,护天护人,皆为龙众。药叉、即夜叉,译勇健,言其威猛神武,是大力士。又译捷疾,言其陆空飞行,往来迅速。平常水陆道场中,发符使者,即此药叉神将。八部者,即天、龙、药叉、乾闼婆、阿修罗、迦楼罗、紧那罗、摩侯罗伽。此中略去药叉以下。国王、大臣等,皆是人众;天龙、药叉等,为非人众:故曰人非人等。如是比丘等无量大众,随佛住乐音树下,恭敬尊重,围绕于佛,求佛说法,故启下文曼殊之问佛。既有如是等盛会胜事,故结集者,叙述流通以证信也。

乙二 礼请许乐 

丙一 敬礼 

尔时、曼殊室利法王子,承佛威神,从座而起,偏袒一肩,右膝著地,向薄伽梵,曲躬合掌。

此下为叙请分中第二科礼请许乐,为此经之别叙,亦名为缘起叙。此中有四:1、敬礼,2、启请,3、赞许,4、乐闻;今为敬礼之文。敬礼者,以表三业清净,恭敬归佛。若无恳切至诚之心,则虽曲躬合掌,徒然无益。故须意业敬之于内;身业形之于外,顶礼膜拜;然后口业,唱赞叹词;故知敬礼,即建立于三业之恭敬上。又三业恭敬,则身意严净,与诸佛无漏功德相应,则无明、贪、慢等皆可折伏;尤足除�x、慢、嫉,生信、惭、愧。故平常学佛者,见佛闻法,先致敬礼,即有此等意义。又由众人三业恭敬,能使法坛严肃庄重;亦由世俗开会设宴,须先洁净场所,方可款待于大宾也。

尔时者,即当尔之时,当佛在乐音树下大众围绕说法之时。法会摩诃萨众中有曼殊室利者,从座而起。曼殊室利,即文殊师利,译音稍异。其义译为妙吉祥。妙、即曼殊,吉祥、即室利,显其于诸法中最为吉祥。又称大智曼殊室利,表其智慧最胜。以佛弟子各有一胜,此曼殊即菩萨众中智慧最胜,不唯于释迦佛法中智慧最胜,即于十方诸佛法中咸皆智慧最胜。又佛果功德不可思议,须藉因地菩萨以表显之,故曼殊之大智,即表佛果之智德,如普贤之大行,观音之大悲,亦皆表佛果之一德。尤其是曼殊之大智,特表诸佛功德所由生起之般若无分别根本智,亦曰实相智或如理智,以显圆满难思之智海也。曼殊室利称法王子,亦称童子。

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