《社会工作实务通用模式（汉英对照）》秦庆主编|(epub+azw3+mobi+pdf)电子书下载

图书名称：《社会工作实务通用模式（汉英对照）》

【作　者】秦庆主编

【页 数】 314

【出版社】 昆明：云南大学出版社 , 2022.04

【ISBN号】978-7-5482-4304-5

【分 类】社会工作-研究生-教材-汉、英

【参考文献】 秦庆主编. 社会工作实务通用模式（汉英对照）. 昆明：云南大学出版社, 2022.04.

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第1章认识通用社会工作实务1

Chapter 1 Understanding Generalist

Social Work Practice

第1章认识通用社会工作实务

Introduction

Specialization and generalist are important topics of the professionaldevelopment of social work and social work education,and the discussions aboutthem have never stopped in academia.Specialization resulted in narrower areas ofexpertise and smaller client systems.More specific technique-oriented specializedinterventions are now often organized into direct practice and administration forsubgroups based on client issues,such as mental issues,child welfare,or schoolsocial work.On the contrary,generalist approach to social work practice trained andeducated students in a broader domain of knowledge and various sizes of clientsystems for meeting complex needs of client and solving intertwined personal andsocial issues.Education in generalist social work practice is generally accepted as thenecessary foundation of social work education.Foundation program objectives formaster's level programs require graduates to demonstrate the ability to "apply theknowledge and skills from generalist social work perspective to practice systematicand practical work at all levels"(Council on Social Work Education,2001,

p.7).

In fact,the social work profession was actually premised on the concept of“generalist'”around the debate about“generalist'”and“specialist'”,however,there are a number of opinions on the meaning of "generalist",and each of themhas a different construct of knowledge.A representative view is to stress thatgeneralist practice is the multiple levels of practice:equipping students with the

社会工作专业硕士系列双语教材2社会工作实务通用模式（汉英对照）

skills to practice at both macro and micro levels,and at any level in between(Kirst-Ashman Hull,2006).Another opinion focuses on "generalist"practicethat combine concepts borrowed from an ecosystem approach to understanding the fullrange of environments that affect individual and family functioning.This means socialworkers should consider and work with both the individual and the environment whenattempting to resolve problems and improve the situations and functions ofclientsD.In this book,we stress the latter and integrate the idea of practice atmultiple levels whenever feasible in the education of MSW.Generalist social workpractice guide practitioners to take full account of a broad range of roles and servicesin their efforts to resolve client problems.It also requires assessment and interventionat multiple system levels,from individuals,families,and groups to agency andcommunity levels.Generalist social work practice is the practical model and approachpreferred.Social workers do not pick and choose the problems and issues they wouldlike to solve.They just prepare themselves to help people with individualized personalproblems on the one hand and deal with a wide range of problems that affect wholeorganizations and communities on the other.

Generalist practice provides a conceptual framework useful to view the worldfrom a kind of holistic perspective.It may involve almost any helpingsituation.Starting from introducing the generalist social work practice,firstly,thischapter introduces the understanding of generalist social work domestically andoverseas,and interprets the intervention level involving not only from micro to macrolevel,but also includes the professional intervention on social work then summarizesthe key features of the patterns in social work practice.Secondly,this chapterpresents the fundamental goals of service within intercommunity which social workersshall achieve in the practice process,for achieving these goals indicate the basicknowledge and skills that social workers should master.Finally,this chapteranalyzes the various roles and affections when social workers serve the individuals,families,groups,organizations,and communities,and in the process or actionswhen clients change their minds.

D "Clients"is used inclusively to refer to individuals,families,groups,organizations,and communities,but the exception of defining in the special situation.

第1章认识通用社会工作实务3

本章导言

专业化培养和通用型培养是社会工作专业发展和社会工作教育的重要议题，关于它们的讨论在学术界从未停止过。过分强调专业化易导致专业知识领域较为狭窄和案主系统较小。现在更具体的技术导向的专门干预方法通常根据诸如心理问题、儿童福利或学校社会工作等案主问题被组织为面向亚群体的直接实务和管理。相反，在更广泛的知识领域和不同规模的案主系统领域需要对学生进行社会工作实务通用方法的培训和教育，以满足案主的复杂需求并解决相互交织的个人和社会问题。通用社会工作实务教育是社会工作教育的必要基础。硕士课程基础计划的培养目标对毕业生具备“运用通用社会工作视角的知识和技能以从事各种规模系统的实践工作”的能力提出了要求（社会工作教育理事会，2001年，第7页）。

关于“通才”和“专家”的争论，笔者认为，社会工作专业实务实际上是以“通才观”为前提的，然而，关于“通才”的含义却有许多观点，每个观点强调了各自不同的知识结构。一种代表性的观，点，强调“通用型”实务是一种多层次的实践，让学生在宏观层面和微观层面，以及介于两者之间的任何层次展开实践行动(Kirst-Ashman&Hull,2006年)。另一种典型观点强调，“通用型”实务主要结合从生态系统方法中借用的概念，旨在了解对个人和家庭功能产生影响的全部环境。这意味着社会工作者在尝试解决案主问题并改善他们的能力及其所处的情境时，应考虑个人和环境并与他们形成合作。在本书中，我们强调后者，并在社会工作专业硕士教育中，将多层面的实务理念纳入其中。通用社会工作实务要求实务工作者在努力解决服务对象问题时充分考虑各种社会工作者的角色和服务。它还要求在多个系统层面，包括个人、家庭、团体、机构和社区各个层面对服务对象和问题进行评估和干预。通用社会工作实务是我们首选的实务模式和方法。社会工作者不会挑剔选择他们想要解决的困难和问题，他们会做好准备，一方面去帮助那些有个别化问题的人们，另一方面，处理影响到整个组织和社区的广泛问题

通用实务提供了一个概念框架，有助于从整体角度来看待世界。它可能涉及几乎所有需要帮助的情况。本章首先从介绍什么是通用社会工作实务开始，分别介绍了国内外对通用社会工作的理解，表明了社会工作实务服务介入的层次领域不仅涉及从微观到宏观的各个层面，还包括了社会工作专业的服务介入，然后总结了通用社会工作实务模式的主要特点。其次，本章介绍了社会工作者在实践过程中要达成的共通性的基本服务目标，这些目标预示

社会工作专业硕士系列双语教材4社会工作实务通用模式（汉英对照）

了社会工作者需要掌握的基本知识和技能。最后，本章详细分析了通用实务工作者服务于个人、家庭、小组、组织和社区等对象时，在服务对象改变的过程和行动中所扮演的各种角色和发挥的不同作用。

What is Generalist Social Work Practice?

The Four Basic Premises of Generalist Practice

Generalist practice is often described to be grounded in social systems theory,influenced by the ecological system later approach.This approach often includes someform of problem solving as well as other types of interventions that apply to all levelsof client systems.The generalist approach to social work practice rests on four majorpremises:

The first premise,human behavior is inextricably linked to the social andphysical environment.Observing,understanding and intervening human behaviorsand their environments are the fundamental jobs of social work practitioners.Thewhole process of generalist practice is always centered around the change,adaptation and harmonization between human behaviors and environments.

The second premise,generalist practice targets,utilizes,and implements thechanges of the client's system and environment to advance social work.Thisassumption is inferred from the first premise.It is essential to enhance the functioningof human systems by changing the client's system itself,modifying its interactionswith the environment,and altering other systems within its environment.Generalistpractitioners implement multilevel assessments and multi-method interventions inresponse to these possible avenues for change.

The third one,both direct practice and indirect practice construct the workingmode of generalist practice.Direct practice is mainly client-oriented practice,andindirect practice is more about improving policies and research.In addition to directpractice,generalist practitioners also have a duty to seek to improve unfair socialpolicies and to work hard to develop and apply social work research.

The fourth premise,generalist practice involves using similar processes ofsocial work to work across different levels of the human system,from the individualto the society.Social work intervention of all human systems requires an exchange of

第1章认识通用社会工作实务5

information through some form of dialogue between client and practitioner,discovering and locating resources for a change process,and accomplishing thepurpose of development.This process is summarized as the generalist interventionmodel for problem-oriented solutions.

什么是通用社会工作实务？

通用实务的四个基本前提

通用实务经常被描述为基于社会系统理论，并受到后来提出的生态系统方法的影响。通用实务方法通常包括某种形式的问题解决方法以及适用于所有层次服务对象系统的其他类型干预方式。社会工作实务的通用型方法基于

四个主要前提：

第一个前提，人类行为和社会环境、自然环境是密不可分地联系在一起的。对人类行为及其环境的观察、认识和干预是社会工作实务者的基本工作。通用实务的整个过程总是围绕着人类行为和环境之间的变化、适应和协调而展开的。

第二个前提，通用实务面向、利用、展开案主系统，并通过对环境的改变来推进工作。该假设是从第一条前提中推断出来的。通过改变服务对象系统，调整服务对象与环境的互动，转变环境中的其他系统来提升人类系统的功能是可行的并且必不可少。通用实务者实施多层次的评估和多元方法的干预以适应这些可能的转变途径。

第三个前提，直接实践和间接实践共同构成了通用实务的工作方式。直接实践主要是面向服务对象的实践方式，间接实践更多是改善政策和研究的方式。通用实务工作者除了直接实践外，还有设法改善不公正社会政策及努力开展社会工作研究的责任。

第四个前提，通用实务涉及相似的社会工作过程的使用，从个人到社会，对不同层次的人类系统展开工作。所有人类系统的社会工作干预都需要通过案主和实务工作者之间某种形式的对话来交流信息，为改变工作过程发现和寻找资源，并实现发展目的。这个过程被概括为面向问题导向的通用干预模式。

社会工作专业硕士系列双语教材6社会工作实务通用模式（汉英对照）

The Background of Generalist Practice

It will be helpful to understand some background regarding the conceptualunderpinning of generalist orientation for better understanding about generalistpractice.Earlier,several noted social work educators from the 1960s and 1970scontributed to a growing body of knowledge of generalist practice.By the early1970s,a kind of social work practice was emerging in which a general theory basewas used for the original response to need and for the assessment of the client in thegiven situation.Then,using a relationship developed in the process,an interventionbased on one of the more specific approaches was chosen from the interventionrepertoire.The essence of generalist practice began to appear Johnson,1992,

p.30).

Landon then described the next step in the development of generalist thinking:in the search for a theory for this broad practice basis,social work educationadopted concepts from the general theory of social systems and ecological thinking tolay the foundation for all practices.Also,some form of the problem-solving processreplaced the earlier clinical model of diagnosis,treatment,and evaluation asparadigm for conducting practice with the various sizes of client systems Landon1995,p.1102).

Generalist practice,reflects the evolutionary response over the past century tosocietal concerns and needs as well as events and thinking.Generalist practicereflects the theoretical heritage of the profession:assessment,person in situation,the rehabilitation process,and intervention.It places a strong emphasis onevaluation,on intervention by working with the client rather than "doing it for theclient",on the importance of human recovery in the situation,and on the practicalprocess,these are still the core of today's social work practice Johnson,1992,

p.33).

Into the 1990s,the search for a unifying conceptualization of the full professioncontinued,with social work education taking the lead.As BSW programs wereformulated as generalist and MSW programs were as well,with its first year beinggeneralist and the second year of specialization.Generalist model origins fromsummarization and generalization of process of practical experiences,thus itembodies comparatively structured and stable procedures,methods,and skills in

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