《大学技术转移概述 中英双语版》张国锦，（马其顿）Ivan Bimbilovsky，（马其顿）Elisabeth Spiroska|(epub+azw3+mobi+pdf)电子书下载

图书名称：《大学技术转移概述 中英双语版》

【作　者】张国锦，（马其顿）Ivan Bimbilovsky，（马其顿）Elisabeth Spiroska

【页 数】 127

【出版社】 兰州：兰州大学出版社 , 2021.05

【ISBN号】978-7-311-05990-3

【价 格】26.00

【参考文献】 张国锦，（马其顿）Ivan Bimbilovsky，（马其顿）Elisabeth Spiroska. 大学技术转移概述 中英双语版. 兰州：兰州大学出版社, 2021.05.

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《大学技术转移概述 中英双语版》内容提要：

《大学技术转移概述 中英双语版》内容试读

ABBREVIATIONS

英文缩写释义

ABBREVIATIONS

英文缩写释义

ARIPOAfrican Regional Intellectual

非洲区域知识产权组织

Property Organization

AUTM

Association of University

大学技术管理人员协会

Technology Managers

CDA

Confidential Disclosure

保密披露协议

Agreement

EPO

European Patent Office

欧洲专利局

EU

European Union

欧洲联盟

GDP

Gross Domestic Product

国内生产总值

ID

Invention Disclosure

发明披露

IP

Intellectual property

知识产权

IPRs

Intellectual property rights

知识产权

NDA

Non-Disclosure Agreement

非披露协议

OECD

Organization for

经济合作与发展组织

Economic Co-operationand Development

PCT

Patent Cooperation Treaty

专利合作条约

SMEs

Small and medium enterprises

中小企业

TT

Technology Transfer

技术转移

TTO

Technology Transfer Office

技术转移办公室

UNICOUniversity Companies

大学企业协会

Association

Introduction to Transfer of Technology in University大/学/技/术/转/移/概/述

BASIC UNDERSTANDING

OF TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER

1.1 What is "technology transfer"?

There are many definitions of technology transfer,partly because the term hasmany different connotations,partly because the technology transfer is not the sameprocess and perception for everybody (universities,researchers,corporations,de-veloped countries,developing countries).For example,most universities and re-search organizations consider technology transfer as the transformation of scientificresearch into products with wider commercial use and benefits to society.On the oth-er hand,companies'technology transfer by companies is a business opportunity togain higher profits and become more competitive.

Technology transfer can be defined as a process of transferring scientific discov-eries,innovations,technologies,skills,knowledge,methods of manufacturing,sam-ples of manufacturing (prototype,demonstrator,sample products),facilities fromone institution or country to another for further development or commercialization.Ingeneral,technology transfer refers to all transformations of research to products.DSee:Choi,H.J..2009.Technology Transfer Issues and a New Technology Transfer Mod-el.Journal of Technology Studies,35(1):49-57.

②Ibid.

3 World Property Intellectual Organization.Technology Transfer in Countries in Transition:

Policy and Recommendations Division for Certain Countries in Europe and Asia:3.

2

1 BASIC UNDERSTANDING OF TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER

】技术转移的基本概念

第一章技术转移的基本概念

1.1技术转移的定义

技术转移有许多定义①，一是因为这一术语有许多不同的含义，二是

因为不同主体（如大学、研究人员、公司、发达国家、发展中国家等）对

技术转移过程的看法并不相同②。例如，大多数大学和研究组织认为，技

术转移是将科学研究转化为具有广泛的商业用途和社会效益的产品，而公

司的技术转移则被视为去获得高利润，更具竞争力的商业机会。

技术转移可以定义为将科学发现、创新、技术、技能、知识、制造方

法、制造样品（原型、演示品、样品产品）和设施等从一个机构或国家转

移到另一个机构或国家，以进一步开发或商业化的过程③。一般来说，技

术转移是从研究到产品的所有转换形式。

D See:Choi,H.J.,2009.Technology Transfer Issues and a New Technology Transfer Mod-el.Journal of Technology Studies,35(1):49-57.

②Ibid.

3World Property Intellectual Organization.Technology Transfer in Countries in Transition:

Policy and Recommendations Division for Certain Countries in Europe and Asia:3.

3

Introduction to Transfer of Technology in University大/学/技/术/转/移/概/述

Technology transfer is a process and typically includes a set of components:identifying innovations with commercialization potential;protecting innovationthrough patents,copyrights,or other ways for the protection of intellectual property;creating and developing the commercialization pathways;adverting of the innova-tion,and licensing to existing companies or building new start-ups or spinoff compa-nies based on the innovation.

The process involves a variety of players such as funding states or private agen-cies,universities,research and transfer organizations,venture capitalists and pri-vate companies and individual scientists,entrepreneurs and business angels.Thesuccess of the technology transfer process depends on the interaction among these ac-tors and their capabilities to overcome the barriers.

There is no doubt that the technology transfer process depends and,at the sametime,is based on the policies and culture of each country and each institution.Inthis framework,the economic,political,and socio-cultural factors are of particularimportance for the technology transfer process and its success.

The long-term goal of the technology transfer is to increase economic growth bytransferring innovations from science to commerce.

1.2 The types of technology transfer

Technology transfer comes in different types.It involves a variety of formal andinformal means:informal interactions between individuals,workshops,personnelexchanges,collaborative research,publishing,consulting,standardization,hiringof graduates,joint projects involving groups of experts from different organizations,patenting,copyright,licensing,forming of new companies,contract research and

DSee:European Union European Regional Development Fund,2016.Report on national un-derstanding of transfer processes and reference model of transnational transfer.

2 Karlsson,M.,2004.Commercialization of Research Results in the United States-an Over-view of Federal and Academic Technology Transfer.ITPS,Swedish Institute for Growth Policy Stud-ies:15.

3 See:Kundu,N.,Bhar.C.and Pandurangan,V.,2015.Development of Framework for an

Integrated Model for Technology Transfer,Indian Journal of Science and Technology,8(35).

4

1 BASIC UNDERSTANDING OF TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER

】技术转移的基本概念

技术转移的过程通常包括以下环节：确定具有商业化潜力的创新：通

过专利、版权或其他保护知识产权的方式保护创新；创造和发展商业化途

径；对创新进行宣传；向现有公司发放许可证或根据创新建立新的创业或分公司”。

这一过程包含各种参与者，如资助国家或私人机构、大学、研究和转移组织、风险资本家和私营企业以及个人科学家、企业家和天使投资人②。

技术转移成功与否取决于这些行为体之间的互动及其在这一进程中克服障

碍的能力。

毫无疑问，技术转移进程取决于并同时以每个国家和每个机构的政策

和文化为基础。在这一框架中，经济、政治和社会文化因素对技术转移进

程至关重要。

技术转移的长期目标是通过将创新从科学转移到商业中，来促进经济增长。

1.2技术转移的类型

技术转移有不同的类型③。它包含各种正式和非正式手段，如个人之

间的非正式互动、讲习班、人员交流、合作研究、出版、咨询、标准化、

毕业生的雇用，不同机构专家组参与的联合项目，专利、版权、许可、组

DSee:European Union European Regional Development Fund,2016.Report on national un-derstanding of transfer processes and reference model of transnational transfer.

2 Karlsson,M.,2004.Commercialization of Research Results in the United States-an Over-view of Federal and Academic Technology Transfer.ITPS,Swedish Institute for Growth Policy Stud-ies:15.

3 See:Kundu,N.,Bhar.C.and Pandurangan,V.,2015.Development of Framework for an

Integrated Model for Technology Transfer,Indian Journal of Science and Technology,8(35).

5

Introduction to Transfer of Technology in University大/学/技/术/转/移/概/述

more.①

The primary distinction is made between vertical technology transfer and hori-zontal technology transfer.Vertical technology transfer occurs when information istransmitted from basic research to applied research,from applied research to devel-opment,and from development to production.Horizontal transfer of technology oc-curs when technology used in one place,organization,or context is transferred andused in another place,organization,or context.

Technology transfer takes place along various lines:among universities,fromuniversities to industry,from governments to industry,across borders.

1.3 University technology transfer

1.3.1 Definitions of university technology transfer

University technology transfer is a process of knowledge exchange between uni-versity and industry.This is a process where two sides,researchers and universitieson one side and individuals or companies on the other,exchange learning,ideas andexperiences.Researchers from different universities and industries/businessesshape different kinds of collaborations to develop the knowledge or transform theknowledge into technology.This collaboration results in various benefits for bothsides,but the most important benefit is knowledge exchange itself,and it should beviewed and discussed as quality from the start to the end of the technology transferprocess.The process of knowledge exchange/technology transfer also helps developthe early-stage intellectual property into tools for direct use by the research commu-nity or into bases for new platforms,products,or services to be made into products

DOrganization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD),2013.Commercializ-ing Public:New Trends and Strategies:18-21.

2 See:Mansfield,E.,1982.Technology transfer,productivity,and economic policy.Norton.

③Ibid.

4 Digital Agenda for New Tourism Approach in Europe Rural and Mountain Areas,available

at http://www.danteproject.eu/?q=Exchange.

6

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