《计算机英语 第5版》刘艺；王春生|(epub+azw3+mobi+pdf)电子书下载

图书名称：《计算机英语 第5版》

【作　者】刘艺；王春生

【页 数】 352

【出版社】 北京：机械工业出版社 , 2020

【ISBN号】978-7-111-66502-1

【分 类】电子计算机-英语

【参考文献】 刘艺；王春生. 计算机英语 第5版. 北京：机械工业出版社, 2020.

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《计算机英语 第5版》内容试读

Unit 1 Computer and Computer Science

(计算机与计算机科学)

Section A

Computer Overview

overview

I.Introduction

/'auvavju:

n.概述：概观

A computer is an electronic device that can receive a set of instructions,

calculationkaelkju'leiJ an/

or program,and then carry out this program by performing calculations on

n.计算

numerical data or by manipulating other forms of information

numeric(al)

/nu:'merik(al)/

The modern world of high technology could not have come about'

a.数字的：数值的

except for the development of the computer.Different types and sizes of

banking/'baenkin/

computers find uses throughout society in the storage and handling of data,

n.银行业（务）

from secret governmental files to banking transactions to private household

come about:发生，产生。

2

Computer English(Fifth Edition)《计算机英语》（第5版）

automation

accounts.Computers have opened up a new era in manufacturing through

/5:te'mei[an/

the techniques of automation,and they have enhanced modern

n.自动化

communication systems.They are essential tools in almost every field of

conjecture

/kan'd3ekt[a/

research and applied technology,from constructing models of the universe

n.推测，猜想

to producing tomorrow's weather reports,and their use has in itself opened

privacy

up new areas of conjecture.Database services and computer networks

/privasi.'prai-;prai-/

n.隐私：秘密

make available a great variety of information sources'.The same advanced

precursor

techniques also make possible invasions of personal and business privacy.

/.pri:'ke:sa.pri-/

Computer crime has become one of the many risks that are part of the price

n.先驱digit /'did3it/

of modern technology.

n.数字

IⅡ.History

loom/lu:m/

n.织机

The first adding machine,a precursor of the digital computer,was

perforated

devised in 1642 by the French scientist,mathematician,and philosopher

/pa:fereitid/

a.穿孔的

Blaise Pascal.This device employed a series of ten-toothed wheels,each

statistician

tooth representing a digit from 0 to 9.The wheels were connected so that

/.staeti'stif an/

n.统计学家：

numbers could be added to each other by advancing the wheels by a correct

统计员

number of teeth.In the 1670s the German philosopher and mathematician

conceive /kan'si:v/

Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz improved on this machine by devising one that

v.(构)想出

could also multiply.

punched card穿孔卡片

The French inventor Joseph-Marie Jacquard,in designing an

electrical contact电触点

automatic loom,used thin,perforated wooden boards to control the

compile /kam'pail

weaving of complicated designs.During the 1880s the American

V,汇编：编译

statistician Herman Hollerith'conceived the idea of using perforated cards,

census /'senses

n.人口普查

similar to Jacquard's boards,for processing data.Employing a system that

analytic(al)

passed punched cards over electrical contacts,he was able to compile

/aena'litik(a)/

statistical information for the 1890 United States census.

a.分析的

Analytical Engine

1.The Analytical Engine

分析机，解析机

Also in the 19th century,the British mathematician and inventor

Database services and computer networks make available a great variety of information sources..:数据库服务和计算机网络使各种各样的信息源可供使用。这句话的宾语(a great variety of information sources)较长，因此将宾语的补语(available)放到了宾语的前面。文中下一句话也属于同样情况。

2 Blaise Pascal:布莱斯·帕斯卡(1623一1662)，法国数学家、物理学家、哲学家，概率论创立者之一。3 Gotfried Wilhelm Leibniz:戈特弗里德·威廉·莱布尼兹(1646一1716)，德国自然科学家、哲学家，微积分、数理逻辑的先驱，提出了二进制。

4 Joseph-Marie Jacquard:约瑟夫-玛丽·雅卡尔(1752一1834)，法国著名的织机工匠，纹板提花机的主要改革家。

Herman Hollerith:赫尔曼·何勒里斯(1860一1929)，美国发明家和统计学家。

Unit I Computer and Computer Science(计算机与计算机科学)3

Charles Babbage'worked out the principles of the modern digital computer.

Difference Engine

He conceived a number of machines,such as the Difference Engine,that

差分机

were designed to handle complicated mathematical problems.Manyhistorians consider Babbage and his associate,the mathematician Augusta

Ada Byron,the true pioneers of the modern digital computer.One of

Babbage's designs,the Analytical Engine,had many features of a modern

input stream输入（信息）流

computer.It had an input stream in the form of a deck of punched cards,a

deck/dek/

"store"for saving data,a"mill"for arithmetic operations,and a printer that

n.卡片叠，卡片组

made a permanent record.Babbage failed to put this idea into practice,

analog(ue)

though it may well have been technically possible at that date.

/aenalog/

a.模拟的shaft /Ja:ft

2.Early Computers

n.轴

Analogue computers began to be built in the late 19th century.Early

approximation

a.proksi'meif an/

models calculated by means of rotating shafts and gears.Numerical

n.近似（值）

approximations of equations too difficult to solve in any other way were

torpedo/to:pi:dau/

evaluated with such machines.Lord Kelvin built a mechanical tide

n.鱼雷

predictor that was a specialized analogue computer.During World Wars I

submarine

/.sAbma'ri:n

and II,mechanical and,later,electrical analogue computing systems were

n.潜艇

used as torpedo course predictors in submarines and as bombsight

bombsight

controllers in aircraft.Another system was designed to predict spring floods

/'bomsait/

n.轰炸瞄准器

in the Mississippi River'basin.

incorporate

in'ko:pereit/

3.Electronic Computers

包含：把…合并：使并入

During World War II,a team of scientists and mathematicians,

vacuum tube

working at Bletchley Park,north of London,created one of the first

真空管

all-electronic digital computers:Colossus.By December 1943,Colossus,

crack/kraek/

which incorporated 1,500 vacuum tubes,was operational.It was used by

v,破译

encipher in'saife/

the team headed by Alan Turing',in the largely successful attempt to crack

.把…译成密码

German radio messages enciphered in the Enigma codes

Charles Babbage:查尔斯·巴比奇(1792一1871)，英国数学家和发明家。

2 Augusta Ada Byron::奥古斯塔·埃达·拜伦(1815一1852)，英国数学家，诗人拜伦之女。

3 It had an input stream in the form of a deck of punched cards,a "store"for saving data,a "mill"for arithmeticoperations,,and a printer that made a permanent record..:它有一个以一叠穿孔卡片的形式存在的输入流、

一个保存数据的“仓库”、一个进行算术运算的“工厂”和一个产生永久性记录的打印机。

Lord Kelvin:开尔文勋爵(1824一1907)，全名威廉·汤姆森·开尔文(William Thomson Kelvin),英国物理学家，发展了热力学理论，创立了热力学绝对温标（即开尔文温标）。

5the Mississippi River:密西西比河，发源于美国中北部的湖沼区，南注墨西哥湾，系美国主要河流。6Colosst:该词读作/kbss/,有“巨像”“巨人”“巨物”等意。

7 Alan Turing:艾伦·图灵(1912-1954)，英国数学家和逻辑学家。8 Enigma code:恩尼格码，德军在第二次世界大战期间采用的一种密码。

4

Computer English(Fifth Edition)《计算机英语》（第5版）

prototype

Independently of this,in the United States,a prototype electronic

/prautetaip/

machine had been built as early as 1939,by John Atanasoff and Clifford

n.原型：样机

Berry2 at lowa State College'.This prototype and later research were

overshadow

/.auva'[aedau/

completed quietly and later overshadowed by the development of the

v.使相形见绌

Electronic Numerical Integrator And Computer (ENIAC)in 1945.

integrator

ENIAC was granted a patent,which was overturned decades later,in 1973,

/'intigreite/

n.积分器

when the machine was revealed to have incorporated principles first used in

patent/'peitant/

the Atanasoff-Berry Computer.

n.专利（权）

overturn

ENIAC (see Figure 1A-1)contained 18,000 vacuum tubes and had a

/.auve'te:n/

speed of several hundred multiplications per minute,but originally its

V.推翻：废除

program was wired into the processor and had to be manually altered.

Later machines were built with program storage,based on the ideas of the

Hungarian

Hungarian-American mathematician John von Neumann.The instructions,

/hAn'gearian/

like the data,were stored within a "memory",freeing the computer from

a.匈牙利的

memory /'memari/

the speed limitations of the paper-tape reader during execution and

n.存储器，内存

permitting problems to be solved without rewiring the computer.

paper-tape reader纸带阅读器

execution

.eksi'kjuf an/

n.执行，运行

Figure 1A-1:ENIAC was one of the first fully electronic digital computers

1 John Atanasof:约翰·阿塔纳索夫(1903一1995)，美国物理学家。2 Clifford Berry:克利福德·贝里(1918一1963)，美国物理学家。3 lowa State College:(美国)艾奥瓦州立学院。

4ENAC:电子数字积分计算机(Electronic Numerical Integrator And Computer的首字母缩略)，读作/i:niaek/

5 originally its program was wired into the processor:其程序最初是通过导线传送到处理器内的。

6 John von Neumann:约翰·冯·诺依曼(1903一1957)，美籍匈牙利数学家，对量子物理、数学逻辑和高速计算机的发展均有贡献。

Unit I Computer and Computer Science(计算机与i计算机科学)】

transistor

The use of the transistor in computers in the late 1950s marked the

/traen'ziste.-'sis-/

advent of smaller,faster,and more versatile logical elements than were

n.晶体管

possible with vacuum-tube machines.Because transistors use much less

advent /'aedvent/

n.出现，到来

power and have a much longer life,this development alone was responsible

versatile/'ve:satail/

for the improved machines called second-generation computers

a.多用途的，

Components became smaller,as did inter-component spacings,and the

通用的

system became much less expensive to build.

logical element逻辑元件

4.Integrated Circuits

spacing /'speisin/

n.间隔

Late in the 1960s the integrated circuit,or IC(see Figure 1A-2),was

integrated

introduced,making it possible for many transistors to be fabricated on one

/intigreitid

a.集成的，综合的，

silicon substrate,with interconnecting wires plated in place2.The IC

一体化的

resulted in a further reduction in price,size,and failure rate.The

integrated circuit

microprocessor became a reality in the mid-1970s with the introduction of

集成电路

the large-scale integrated (LSI)circuit and,later,the very large-scale

fabricate

/'faebrikeit

integrated (VLSI )circuit (microchip),with many thousands of

制作

interconnected transistors etched into a single silicon substrate.

substrate

/'sAbstreit/

n.衬底，基底

microprocessor

/.maikrau'prausesa/

n.微处理器

microchip

/'maikreut[ip/

n.微芯片

etch/et/v蚀刻

Figure 1A-2:An Integrated Circuit

To return,then,to the switching capabilities of a modern computer:computers in the 1970s were generally able to handle eight switches at a

1IC:集成电路(integrated circuit的首字母缩略)。

making it possible for many transistors to be fabricated on one silicon substrate,with interconnecting wires plated inplac:从而有可能将许多晶体管制作在一块硅衬底上，晶体管之间用覆镀在适当位置的导线相连接。3LSL:大规模集成的(large-scale integrated的首字母缩略)。4LS:超大规模集成的(ery large--scale integrated的首字母缩略)。

6

Computer English(Fifth Edition)《计算机英语》（第5版）

binary /baineri/

time.That is,they could deal with eight binary digits,or bits,of data,at

a.二进制的：二元的

every cycle.A group of eight bits is called a byte,each byte containing

bit /bit

n.位，比特

256 possible patterns of ONs and OFFs (or 1s and 0s).Each pattern is the

byte/bait/n.字节

equivalent of an instruction,a part of an instruction,or a particular type of

datum /'deitem/

datum,such as a number or a character or a graphics symbol.The pattern

([复]data)

n.数据

11010010,for example,might be binary data-in this case,the decimal

graphics/'graefiks/

number 210-or it might be an instruction telling the computer to

n.图形，图形显示

compare data stored in its switches to data stored in a certain

decimal /'desima

memory-chip location.

a.十进制的switch /'switj/

The development of processors that can handle 16,32,and 64 bits of

n.交换（设备）：开关：转换

data at a time has increased the speed of computers.The complete

chip /tJip/

collection of recognizable patterns-the total list of operations-of which a

n.芯片

computer is capable is called its instruction set.Both factors-the number

instruction set指令集

of bits that can be handled at one time,and the size of instruction

conceptually

sets-continue to increase with the ongoing development of modern digital

ken'septjuali/

computers.

ad.概念上

microcomputer

III.Hardware

/'maikreukem.pju:ta/

n.微型计算机

Modern digital computers are all conceptually similar,regardless of

desktop /'desktop

size.Nevertheless,they can be divided into several categories on the basis

a.桌面的：台式(计算机)的

of cost and performance:the personal computer or microcomputer,a

laptop /'laeptop/

relatively low-cost machine,usually of desktop size (though "laptops"are

n.膝上型计算机

small enough to fit in a briefcase,and "palmtops"can fit into a pocket);the

palmtop/'pa:mtop

workstation,a microcomputer with enhanced graphics and communications

n.掌上型计算机workstation

capabilities that make it especially useful for office work;the minicomputer,

/'we:k.steif an/

generally too expensive for personal use,with capabilities suited to a business,

n.工作站

school,or laboratory;and the mainframe computer,a large,expensive

minicomputer

/'minikem.pju:te/

machine with the capability of serving the needs of major business

n.小型计算机

enterprises,government departments,scientific research establishments,or

mainframe

the like(the largest and fastest of these are called supercomputers).

/'meinfreim/

n.主机，大型机

A digital computer is not a single machine:rather,it is a system

supercomputer

composed of five distinct elements:(1)a central processing unit;(2)input

/'su:pekam.pju:ta/

n.超级计算机，

devices;(3)memory storage devices;(4)output devices;and (5)a

巨型计算机

communications network,called a bus,which links all the elements of the

central processing

system and connects the system to the external world.

unit中央处理器

bus/bAs/n.总线

IV.Programming

A program is a sequence of instructions that tells the hardware of a

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