《医学英语论文摘要写作》周开林，王曦，郑燕飞|(epub+azw3+mobi+pdf)电子书下载

图书名称：《医学英语论文摘要写作》

【作　者】周开林，王曦，郑燕飞

【丛书名】新思维专门用途英语（ESP）系列教材

【页 数】 160

【出版社】 北京：北京对外经济贸易大学出版社 , 2021.06

【ISBN号】978-7-5663-2266-1

【价 格】42.00

【分 类】医学-英语-论文-写作-教材

【参考文献】 周开林，王曦，郑燕飞. 医学英语论文摘要写作. 北京：北京对外经济贸易大学出版社, 2021.06.

图书封面：

图书目录：

《医学英语论文摘要写作》内容提要：

本书出版的初衷即针对中国学生医学英文摘要攥写过程中存在的问题予以适当的指导，提高其英文摘要的质量，进而提高文章被检索和录用的概率。本书分为十一章。先从摘要的定义和作用方面进行了概述，举例介绍了医学论文英文摘要主要分类和写作的雷区，提炼了高质量摘要的特征。结合众多实例介绍了医学论文英文摘要正文的写作要求，重点介绍了结构式摘要每部分包含的要素，同时比较了中外医学英语摘要的特点，阐述了中外医学英语摘要在用词和句式表达方面的异同。

《医学英语论文摘要写作》内容试读

1

概

述

1.1摘要的定义和作用

摘要又称概要。国家标准GB6447一86对摘要的定义为：“以提供文献内容梗概为

目的，不加评论和补充解释，简明、确切地记叙文献重要内容的短文。”它以简洁准确的文字概括和凝练文章的主要内容，通常具有独立性和自明性，使得读者无需通读全文，也能获取文章的必要信息。对于期刊投稿而言，摘要是必须提交的内容，而且大多数国际生物医学期刊要求提交英文摘要。

摘要的主要功能有：

(1)提供必要信息，帮助读者用最短的时间内了解文章主要内容。信息大爆炸时代，我们缺少的不是知识，而是筛选知识的能力。医学文献每天以百万计的数量更新，如果想要了解某一领域的学术文献，即使通过精准的检索策略，获取的文献数量也相当大。在浩如烟海的信息中迅速找到所需要的文献，阅读摘要就是一个有效而相对快捷的途径，省去了阅读全文的时间。

(2)为数据库检索提供便利。一篇医学论文正式发表后，专业的医学数据库会将作者的论文摘要直接纳入库中，避免他人重新编写摘要，对摘要内容进行篡改、误读或断章取义，较大程度上保证了信息的真实性和可靠性。数据库收集了文献的摘要后，也便于读者和检索者通过摘要直接检索到与研究话题相关的内容。

对于医学研究人员或医学生来说，若希望能够在国际权威期刊上发表论文，使得自己的研究成果广为人知，为国际社会所认可，英文摘要起着举足轻重的作用。由于大多数国际期刊文章都是用英文书写的，且“世界一些著名的医学搜索引擎（如PubMed),也是根据英文摘要决定是否对该论文进行收录”（洪班信，2007）。可见医学英文摘要的好坏可直接影响整篇文章的被录用率，以及论文被检索到的机会和被引用率，从而影响该论文在学术界的传播和影响力，其重要性不言而喻。

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1.2

摘要的分类

摘要可分为结构式摘要(structured abstract)和非结构式摘要(non-structuredabstract)。结构式摘要是指摘要里有结构词的摘要，非结构式摘要是指没有明显的结构词的摘要。非结构式摘要(non-structured abstract)又分为报道性摘要(informativeabstract)、指示性摘要(indicative abstract)和报道一指示性摘要(informative-indicative

abstract).

非结构式摘要

(1)报道性摘要

报道性摘要相当于简介，主要介绍文献的主题范围及内容梗概。报道性摘要会较为全面地叙述论文的背景、目的、主要研究方法及主要结论，并且向读者提供尽可能详尽的信息，以便充分地展示该研究的创新之处。

论文，尤其是科研学术论文，如果没有创新性研究内容，如经得起检验的研究方法，或新颖的研究结论，就很难引起读者的兴趣。科研学术性期刊（或论文集）多会要求选用报道性摘要，用比其他类型摘要稍多的字数和篇幅，向读者介绍论文的主要内容。以“摘录要点”的形式报道出研究的背景信息，作者的主要研究成果，和比较详细、完整的目的、方法及主要结果、结论关键信息。篇幅一般要求在300字以上。

报道性摘要期刊范例：

1.Background:Customary medicine of Australia's Indigenous peoples draws uponknowledge developed through millennia of interaction with Australia's unique flora and fauna.

Many Indigenous Australians are interested in developing modern medicinal and commercialtranslations of traditional knowledge;however,barriers of trust and benefit sharing oftenthwart progress.Methods:Using a participatory action research framework,universityresearchers collaborated with members of two Australian Indigenous communities toinvestigate selected medicinal plants and locally made bush products.A trusted communityliaison facilitated the collaboration that was fostered through bilateral site visits.Materialtransfer and confidentiality agreements ensured that the plant materials were only used for theagreed purpose.Plain language written reports of the laboratory results were provided to thecommunities with follow up discussions.Results:In case study 1,only some of the traditionaluses for the raw plants were shared with the researchers.Deidentified plants were assessed forantioxidant and antimicrobial properties.In case study 2,the plant names,traditional uses,andpreparation methods were shared with the aim of learning more about their plants,potentialuses,and optimizing their bush products.Literature reviews were conducted that also helpedguide in vitro testing of the crude and solvent partitioned extracts.These differences reflectedthe community's reasons for conducting the research and intellectual property considerations.

In both cases,observed benefits included building trust and strengthening working

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relationships for ongoing collaboration,fostering enthusiasm for linking traditional andscientific knowledge,promoting cross-cultural learning about scientific methods andtraditional medicine,maintaining the relevance of traditional knowledge in the modern world,and initiating community discussions around their bush medicine product development.

Conclusions:Community-driven scientific investigation of traditional medicinal knowledgecan facilitate culturally meaningful outcomes,with potentially wide-reaching direct andindirect benefits.Community liaisons were invaluable for establishment of strongrelationships and ensured that the research was culturally and locally appropriate.The need forclearer guidelines and regulation around community-driven biomedical research of their plantswas identified.Australia would benefit from a user-friendly,open-source toolkit that promotesuse of local traditional medicines,contains information about processes and protocols thatcommunities and scientists could use to develop collaborative projects,and guides regulationand ethical commercialization.Close consultation and collaboration with communities andresearchers will be needed to ensure that such a toolkit is culturally appropriate andfit-for-purpose.

(2)指示性摘要

指示性摘要也称作描述性摘要，说明性摘要或论点摘要。一般只用二三句话概括论文的主题，使读者对该研究的主要内容有个轮廓性的了解，而不涉及论据和结论，多用于人文社科类论文、论文综述、会议报告，以及创新内容较少的论文。指示性摘要一般会简要介绍文献的论题及取得的成果。篇幅一般要求在100字左右。

指示性摘要期刊范例：

2.Social Constructivism about the disease concept has generally been taken to ignorethe fundamental biological reality underlying diseases,as well as to fall foul of severalapparently compelling objections.In this paper,I explain how the metaphysical relation ofgrounding can be used to tie a socially constructed account of diseases and their classificationto their underlying biological and behavioral states.I then generalize the position bydisambiguating several varieties of normativism,including a particularly strong 'placeholder'version of social constructivism,and showing that the grounding approach is available toeach.I go on to provide what I believe to be the first attempt at a full semantics fordisease-talk and disagreement,before using the placeholder to demonstrate on that basis thatthe most troublesome objections to normativism can be avoided even by very strong versionsof the position.

3.The present paper sets out to examine the applicability of paranoia and its ensuingeffects on individuals in Ken Kesey's One Flew over the Cuckoo's Nest(Penguin Group,New

York,1962)so as to observe how authorities in a given culture impose controls on mavericksso as to forestall possible threats.Paranoia in the above-mentioned work,is argued,engendersa perennial phobia within the inflicted,which brings about an identity crisis exerting influenceover their temperament and conduct.Indeed,Kesey's work perfectly exemplifies the sort of

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医学英语论文摘要写作>>

treatment undergone by those suffering from mental illness and the way they are mistreated.

The protagonist,McMurphy,being cognizant of the way authorities enforce stringentregulations on their subjects,seeks to exhort those confined in the hospital to extricatethemselves from their pathetic and deplorable condition,disabusing them of the wrong notionsinstilled into them.

(3)报道一指示性摘要

报道一指示性摘要是以报道性摘要的形式表述论文中的重要内容，其余部分则以指示性摘要形式表达。篇幅一般要求在150字到300字。

非结构式摘要不是医学类期刊摘要的主流写法，但近几年，我们也能在一些期刊上见到非结构式摘要，例如中国的外文期刊《神经科学通报》(Neuroscience Bulletin),以及《神经病学年鉴》(Annals of Neurology)上的一些文献采用了这种类型的摘要。

报道一指示性摘要期刊范例：

4.Mistakes involving medicine brand names may lead to serious medication errorsand even patients'death.We tested the effect of medicine brand names shape -nativevs.non-native spelling-in two groups of Portuguese speaking subjects:(i)pharmacy clients (olderand less educated);(ii)graduate students (younger and more educated).We run a recognitiontask and an immediate recall task,testing three groups of names with:(1)non-nativegraphemes,(2)non-native grapho-/phonotactics,(3)native patterns.Results showed thatnames with non-native properties,especially non-native graphemes,were recalledsignificantly worse.Non-native patterns had a null effect in the recognition task,possibly dueto a facilitating effect of the odd,non-native feature,compensating for the extra demandimposed by non-native patterns on processing.Less educated,older participants consistentlyperformed significantly worse than more educated,younger subjects across experiments.Theresults suggest the pertinence of adapting medicine names to the language of target users.

5.The paper develops the concept of language awareness (LA)by considering thematerial-social-discursive nexus of the communicative situation that affords professionalpractice.It also presents a mixed-methods study that provides a deeper and multi-layeredunderstanding of LA in action and sets out a methodological framework for similar research inhealthcare communication.Our study addresses:(i)the need for LA (re)conceptualization inresearch on healthcare contexts,(ii)the ways in which a mixed-methods approach provides adeeper understanding of both implicit and explicit LA and (iii)the opportunities raised forreflection on practice through researcher-practitioner contact.Drawing on our linguisticethnography of nurse shift-change handover meetings in a hospital unit,we draw on andexpand van Lier's model by demonstrating the shortcomings of limiting LA to awareness oflanguage as system rather than as activity embedded in particular socio-discursive situations.

Regarding nursing handovers,we argue that handover practice and ongoing patient safety notonly require the implementation of communication protocols,but also depend on nurses'reflective practice as the different types of interactions address crucially different levels of

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awareness.We conclude by discussing the theoretical and methodological contribution of ourstudy to the fields of LA and healthcare communication.

结构式摘要

结构式摘要，是指使用结构词标识出结构的摘要。往往一本期刊的同类论文有较固定的结构，会用同样的结构词标识出来。结构式摘要又分全结构式摘要和半结构式摘要。全结构式摘要一般包括以下几个要素：

(1)目的(Objective)

阐述研究的问题、目的或设想等。

(2)研究设计(Design)

阐述研究的基本设计，应包含必要信息，如：如何选择样本？诊断标准是什么？分组和随访情况如何？

(3)研究场所(Setting)

说明开展研究的单位，是医院，研究所、还是医学院校？是独立机构研究还是多机构合作研究？

(4)受试对象(Patients,Participants)

说明研究对象（或患者等）的数目、筛选条件和筛选过程等。

(5)研究实施(Interventions)

如果实验过程中有干预措施，那么需说明使用了什么干预方法，方法的基本特征以及使用该干预手段作用在受试对象上的时间等。

(6)主要测定项目(Main Outcome Measures)主要结局指标有哪些？是如何测定、完成的？

(7)结果(Results)

这部分客观地阐述研究的主要发现（理论上应给出确切的置信度，置信区间和统计学显著性检验值)。

(8)结论(Conclusions)

对所获得的研究结果下结论，并对研究的重大发现潜在的临床应用价值做展望。例如下面的摘要就是全结构式摘要：

BACKGROUND

Colon capsule endoscopy (CCE)represents a noninvasive technology that allowsvisualization of the colon without requiring sedation and air insufflation.A second-generationcolon capsule endoscopy system (PillCam Colon 2)(CCE-2)was developed to increasesensitivity for colorectal polyp detection compared with the first-generation system.

OBJECTIVE

To assess the feasibility,accuracy,and safety of CCE-2 in a head-to-head comparisonwith colonoscopy.

DESIGN AND SETTING

Prospective,multicenter trial including 8 European sites.

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医学英语论文摘要写作>》

PATIENTS

This study involved 117 patients (mean age 60 years).Data from 109 patients wereanalyzed.

INTERVENTION

CCE-2 was prospectively compared with conventional colonoscopy as the criterionstandard for the detection of colorectal polyps that are6 mm or masses in a cohort ofpatients at average or increased risk of colorectal neoplasia.Colonoscopy was independentlyperformed within 10 hours after capsule ingestion or on the next day.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS

CCE-2 sensitivity and specificity for detecting patients with polyps >6 mm and >10 mmwere assessed.Capsule-positive but colonoscopy-negative cases were counted as falsepositive.Capsule excretion rate,level of bowel preparation,and rate of adverse events alsowere assessed.

RESULTS

Per-patient CCE-2 sensitivity for polyps >6 mm and >10 mm was 84%and 88%,withspecificities of 64%and 95%,respectively.All 3 invasive carcinomas were detected byCCE-2.The capsule excretion rate was 88%within 10 hours.Overall colon cleanliness forCCE-2 was adequate in 81%of patients.

LIMITATIONS

Not unblinding the CCE-2 results at colonoscopy;heterogenous patient population;

nonconsecutive patients.

CONCLUSION

In this European,multicenter study,CCE-2 appeared to have a high sensitivity for thedetection of clinically relevant polypoid lesions,and it might be considered an adequate toolfor colorectal imaging.

通过检索医学文献数据库(Medline)发现，最早使用规范的全结构式摘要的杂志分别是《内科学年鉴》(Ann Intern Med)和《英国医学杂志》(British English Journal,

BM)。当然，不同的杂志可能对全结构式摘要也有不同的理解，比如《美国医学会协

会杂志》(The Journal of the American Medical Association,JAMA)甚至还在此基础上还加了一个“背景”的要素。其原始性论文的摘要须要包括9项(Context,Objective,.

Design,Setting,Patients,Interventions,Main Outcome Measures,Results,Conclusion),作者可根据需要将相关项目合并。

全结构式摘要给论文撰写者提供了具体的框架，在此框架下写摘要，不仅有助于作者有条理地表达观点，而且能够较大程度上保证内容的完整性，避免写作过程中遗漏掉重要信息，减少写作中的错误。此外，对于期刊编辑而言，也起到信息提示的作用，便于他们对文章摘要进行审稿和加工。同时，在信息技术高度发达的今天，按此结构编写的摘要有利于计算机读取和提取信息，为医学数据库的建立提供了方便。

然而，全结构式摘要也有较为明显的缺点。比如要素过多，较为烦琐，而且有些内

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