《能与原子能》（美）斯奈德（Snyder，E.E.原译施奈德）著；王镁译注|(epub+azw3+mobi+pdf)电子书下载

图书名称：《能与原子能》

【作　者】（美）斯奈德（Snyder，E.E.原译施奈德）著；王镁译注

【页 数】 137

【出版社】 北京：外语教学与研究出版社 , 1983.11

【ISBN号】9215·203

【价 格】0.49

【分 类】能-英语(学科: 对照读物 学科: 英、中) 英语-能(学科: 对照读物 学科: 英、中) 核能-英语(学科: 对照读物 学科: 英、中) 英语-核能(学科: 对照读物 学科: 英、中)

【参考文献】 （美）斯奈德（Snyder，E.E.原译施奈德）著；王镁译注. 能与原子能. 北京：外语教学与研究出版社, 1983.11.

图书目录：

《能与原子能》内容提要：

《能与原子能》内容试读

Part I

Energy

Picture your community if a sudden and complete powerfailure has occurred one cold winter evening at about 6 PM.

Electric and electrically controlled gas and oil furnaces havegone off.You go to light the gas stove in the kitchen to warmat least one room,only 'to discover that it will not light becausethe pumps that maintain pressure in the gas line into the cityare powered with electricity.Only those people who hadthe "foresight"to equip their homes with coal-fired furnacesare keeping cozy and warm tonight.The next day when youattempt to drive out to the country to cut some dead trees forfirewood you discover that the car has only a few gallons ofgasoline in the tank.It is impossible to obtain gasolinebecause service station pumps are operated by electric motors.

The telephone company,hospitals,municipal water sys-tem,and a few radio stations are operating on an emergencybasis with standby generators.But you do not have a batterypowered radio so you have a problem trying to find out whatis happening.You are eating cold soup from cans you openedwith a hammer and screwdriver because the electric can openerdoes not operate.The community is almost completely par-alyzed.Electric typewriters do not type,automatic doors

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do not open,supermarket cash registers do not ring,escalatorsand elevators are motionless,traffic signals do not function,and crime accelerates in the darkened city.The evening ofthe second powerless night finds you and your family,wrappedin blankets,huddled in the living room,watching the lastcandle burn down.There isn't anything else to do.Nonewspapers were printed today.There is no TV and thetheaters are all closed.Today you located a neighbor with abattery radio.The powerout extends over a wide area andwas triggered by a malfunction in one of the system's nuclearpower plants.

Perhaps the power will be back on tomorrow.But thereare rumors of fuel shortages for the other power plants andthe utility company is warning that the same thing can happenagain within a very short time.Already there had been somepower brownouts in your community the past summer.Atleast the lights and stoves kept working.

This gloomy picture is presented to emphasize the degreeto which we have come to depend upon convenient electricalenergy and what happens when we are suddenly deprived ofour servants.Power brownouts and blackouts have occurredand will become more frequent as our accelerating energydemands continue to outrun our resources for supplying theenergy.Americans now use more than six times as muchelectrical power per capita as the world average,and our de-mand for more energy is doubling every 15 years.Withinthe next 15 years we will need twice as many power generating

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plants as we have now plus the necessary distribution systemto take care of the increase.

But simply building more power producers is not enough;there must be fuel to produce heat energy that can then beconverted to electrical energy and we just do not have it.

Already this country consumes 30%of the world productionof coal and oil and 50%of the natural gas.We presentlyare importing one-third of the oil we consume and our pro-duction of natural gas lags our requirements by about 10%

Only in the areas of coal and nuclear fuel do we have an amplesupply -at the moment.But these two energy sources areprincipal polluters of the environment and their indiscriminateuse is of major concern and is being contested at every turn.

It is something to be concerned about.

Grammatical Notes

①You go to light..with electricity:句中动词不定式短语to light.·,one room作目的状语，说明谓语动词go;动词不定式短语to warm at least one room也作目的状语，说明非谓语动词to light.··。only to discover.,.为结果状语，说明谓语动词go。句中第一个that为从属连词，引导宾语从句，第二个that为关系代词，引导定语从句。

②The next day..in the tank:when为关系副词，引出定语

从句，说明the next day。to drive out..·for firewood在句中作目的状语，其中to cut some dead trees for

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firewood也作目的状语，说明非谓语动词to drive out。that为从属连词，引导宾语从句，作discover的宾语。

③Only in the areas.·.at the moment:这是个倒装句，强

调句中的状语部分in the areas of coal and nuclear fuel。英语中以“oy+状语”开头的句子，要用倒装语序，表示强调。

Translation

第一部分

能

假如在一个寒冷的冬季傍晚，下午六时左右，突然发生了全面停电事故，请设想一下你们那个地区的居民会是什么样子。电炉和由电控制的煤气炉和煤油炉都熄灭了。你去点厨房里的的煤气灶，至少可以使一间屋子暖和一些，却发现点不着，因为通向市区的煤气管道的压力泵是用电发动的。唯独那些有“预见”的人，家里备有煤炉，才能在当晚过得温暖舒适。第二天，你打算驱车到乡下去砍些枯枝当柴烧时，又发现汽车油箱里只有几加仑汽油了。但又不可能买到汽油，因为加油站的油泵是用电动机开动的。

电话公司、医院、市自来水公司和几个电台采取紧急措施，开动备用发电机供电。你没有用电池做能源的收音机，所以不知道出了什么事。你只能用锤子和螺丝起子来开罐头，喝点冷汤，因为电动开罐刀不能用了。社会几乎完全瘫痪。电动打字机不能打字，自动门不能开，超级市场的现金收入记录机不响，自动楼梯和电梯灵通信号灯不亮，在这座黑暗城市里犯罪活动剧增。第二天夜里再没有电，你和你家里的人就

得裹着毯子，在起居室里缩作一团，注视着最后一根蜡烛点完。此外，就无事可做了。没有当天的报纸，没有电视，剧场全部停演。今天你找到一位有电池收音机的邻居，才知道由于核发电厂（核电站)电力系统发生故障，造成广大地区断电。

也许，明天就会恢复供电。但有谣言说，其他发电厂缺乏燃料，公用事业公司提出警告说，短期内可能再次发生同类事件。今年夏天，你所在的地区已经电力不足，但至少电灯和电炉还能用。

为了强调我们对于使用方便的电能依赖的程度，说明突然失去这一个有用的工具时会出什么事，才描绘出这样一幅暗淡的景象。电力不足，断电事件都已经发生过了，由于能的需要量不断增加，超过我们能够提供的能源，这类事件还会经常发生。目前，美国消耗的电力按人口平均为世界平均值的六倍多，我们对能源的消耗每15年增加一倍，所以今后15年内，我们的发电厂需要增加一倍，此外，还要加上相应的配电设备。然而，只建造更多的发电厂是不够的；还必须有燃料，才能生产热能，随后再转变为电能，而我们恰恰缺少燃料。美国已消耗世界总产量中30%的煤和油、50%的天然气。美国消耗的油有三分之一是进口的，天然气产量与需要量相比，缺少10%左右。只有产煤区和生产核燃料的地区，目前供给充分。但这两种能源是污染环境的主要物质，人们反对不加区别地滥用这两种能源，从而经常发生争议。这是应该考虑的一个问题。

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1.Historical Perspective

For the first 99.65%of the time that man has occupiedthe earth,he relied almost entirely upon his own muscles toperform whatever tasks were necessary or desirable.It wasnot until he succeeded in domesticating the beasts of burdenthat he was able to rid himself of some of the numbingdrudgery that seemed to be his lot.Domestication of animalswas soon followed by the use of the wind to propel primitivevessels and flowing water to irrigate crops by means of crudewater wheels that lifted the water from the canal or stream tothe level of the field.

The next step was the utilization of wind and water powerto grind grain and operate primitive machinery to perform avariety of tasks such as polishing,sawing,and turning.

Waterpower soon was being used to operate a diversity ofmachinery to produce many products in demand by developingcivilizations.This is the way it remained until the eighteenthcentury when Thomas Newcomen and James Watt developedthe first practical devices that enabled man to free himselffrom dependence upon muscles,wind,and water to make hislife a bit easier.

The Industrial Revolution in England and central Europe6

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