《大学英语四级考试阅读精解》张玉静，周晓荣主编|(epub+azw3+mobi+pdf)电子书下载

图书名称：《大学英语四级考试阅读精解》

【作　者】张玉静，周晓荣主编

【丛书名】毓秀外语系列

【页 数】 297

【出版社】 北京：对外经济贸易大学出版社 , 2019.06

【ISBN号】978-7-5663-2047-6

【分 类】大学英语水平考试-阅读教学-题解

【参考文献】 张玉静，周晓荣主编. 大学英语四级考试阅读精解. 北京：对外经济贸易大学出版社, 2019.06.

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图书目录：

《大学英语四级考试阅读精解》内容提要：

本书所选阅读篇章都来自最近三年的四六级考试真题。全书共50篇文章，按话题分为4大类10个单元：商业经济类、科技前沿类、社会生活类、文化教育类。每个单元5篇文章，其中3篇基础篇，2篇提高篇。每个单元编排主要包括真题演练、答案速查和篇章详解3个部分。其中篇章详解部分又包括文章大意、重点词汇及短语、难句解析、答案详解、参考译文5个部分。答案详解部分又包括试题翻译、试题类型、试题定位、解析思路4个部分。

《大学英语四级考试阅读精解》内容试读

Unit1文化教育类（1)

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Section A基础篇

Passage 1

Martha Stewart was charged,tried and convicted of a crime in 2004.As she neared the endof her prison sentence,a well-known columnist wrote that she was"paying her dues,"and that"there is simply no reason for anyone to attempt to deny her right to start anew."

Surely,the American ideal of second chances should not be reserved only for the rich andpowerful.Unfortunately,many federal and state laws impose post-conviction restrictions on ashockingly large number of Americans,who are prevented from ever fully paying their debt tosociety.

At least 65 million people in the United States have a criminal record.This can result insevere penalties that continue long after punishment is completed.

Many of these penalties are imposed regardless of the seriousness of the offense or theperson's individual circumstances.Laws can restrict or ban voting,access to public housing,and professional and business licensing.They can affect a person's ability to get a job andqualification for benefits.

In all,more than 45,000 laws and rules serve to exclude vast numbers of people from fullyparticipating in American life.

Some laws make senses.No one advocates letting someone convicted of pedophilia癖)work in a school.But too often collateral(附随的)consequences bear no relation to publicsafety.Should a woman who possessed a small amount of drugs years ago be permanentlyunable to be licensed as a nurse?

These laws are also counterproductive,since they make it harder for people with criminalrecords to find housing or land a job,two key factors that reduce backsliding.A recent reportmakes several recommendations,including the abolition of most post-conviction penalties,except for those specifically needed to protect public safety.Where the penalties are not a must,they should be imposed only if the facts of a case support it.

The point is not to excuse or forget the crime.Rather,it is to recognize that in America's

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大学英语四级考试阅读精解

vast criminal justice system,second chances are crucial.It is in no one's interest to keep a largesegment of the population on the margins of society.

1.What does the well-known columnist's remark about Martha Stewart suggest?

A)Her past record might stand in her way to a new life.

B)Her business went bankrupt while she as in prison.

C)Her release from prison has drawn little attention.

D)Her prison sentence might have been extended.

2.What do we learn from the second paragraph about many criminals in America?

A)They backslide after serving their terms in prison.

B)They are deprived of chances to turn over a new leaf.

C)They receive severe penalties for committing minor offenses.

D)They are convicted regardless of their individual circumstances.

3.What are the consequences for many Americans with a criminal record?

A)They remain poor for the rest of their lives.

B)They are deprived of all social benefits.

C)They are marginalized in society.

D)They are deserted by their family.

4.What does the author think of the post-conviction laws and rules?

A)They help to maintain social stability

B)Some of them have long been outdated.

C)They are hardly understood by the public

D)A lot of them have negative effects on society.

5.What is the author's main purpose in writing the passage?

A)To create opportunities for criminals to reform themselves.

B)To appeal for changes in America's criminal justice system.

C)To ensure that people with a criminal record live a decent life.

D)To call people's attention to prisoners'conditions in America.

Passage 2

It's nice to have people of like mind around.Agreeable people boost your confidence andallow you to relax and feel comfortable.Unfortunately,that comfort can hinder the verylearning that can expand your company and your career.

It's nice to have people agree,but you need conflicting perspectives to dig out the truth.Ifeveryone around you has similar views,your work will suffer from confirmation bias.

Take a look at your own network.Do your contacts share your point of view on mostsubjects?If yes,it's time to shake things up.As a leader,it can be challenging to create anenvironment in which people will freely disagree and argue,but as the saying goes:From

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Unit1文化教育类(1)|

confrontation comes brilliance.

It's not easy for most people to actively seek conflict.Many spend their lives trying toavoid arguments.There's no need to go out and find people you hate,but you need to do someself-assessment to determine where you have become stale in your thinking.You may need tostart by encouraging your current network to help you identify your blind spots.

Passionate,energetic debate does not require anger and hard feelings to be effective.But itdoes require moral strength.Once you have worthy opponents,set some ground rules soeveryone understands responsibilities and boundaries.The objective of this debating game isnot to win but to get to the truth that will allow you to move faster,farther,and better.

Fierce debating can hurt feelings,particularly when strong personalities are involved.

Make sure you check in with your opponents so that they are not carrying the emotion of thebattles beyond the battlefield.Break the tension with smiles and humor to reinforce the ideathat this is friendly discourse and that all are working toward a common goal.

Reward all those involved in the debate sufficiently when the goals are reached.Let yoursparring partners(拳击陪练)know how much you appreciate their contribution.The morethey feel appreciated,the more they'll be willing to get into the ring next time.

1.What happens when you have like-minded people around you all the while?

A)It will help your company expand more rapidly.

B)It will create a harmonious working atmosphere.

C)It may prevent your business and career from advancing.

D)It may make you feel uncertain about your own decisions.

2.What does the author suggest leaders do?

A)Avoid arguments with business partners.

B)Encourage people to disagree and argue.

C)Build a wide and strong business network.

D)Seek advice from their worthy competitors.

3.What is the purpose of holding a debate?

A)To find out the truth about an issue.

B)To build up people's moral strength.

C)To remove misunderstandings.

D)To look for worthy opponents.

4.What advice does the author give to people engaged in a fierce debate?

A)They listen carefully to their opponents'views.

B)They show due respect for each other's beliefs.

C)They present their views clearly and explicitly.

D)They take care not to hurt each other's feelings.

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大学英语四级考试阅读精解

5.How should we treat our rivals after a successful debate?

A)Try to make peace with them.

B)Try to make up the differences.

C)Invite them to the ring next time.

D)Acknowledge their contribution.

Passage 3

In communities north of Denver,residents are pitching in to help teachers andadministrators as the Vrain school District tries to solve a $13.8 million budget shortage blamedon mismanagement."We're worried about our teachers and principals,and we really don'twant to lose them because of this,"one parent said."If we can help ease their financial burden,we will.”

Teachers are grateful,but know it may be years before the district is solvent.They feelreally good about the parent support,but they realize it's impossible for them to solve this problem.

The 22,000-student district discovered the shortage last month."It's extraordinary.

Nobody would have imagined something happening like this at this level,"said State Treasurer

Mike Coffman.

Coffman and district officials last week agreed on a state emergency plan freeing up a $9.8million loan that enabled the payroll to be met for 2,700 teachers and staff in time for theholidays.

District officials also took $1.7 million from student-activity accounts in its 38 schools.

At Coffman's request,the District Attorney has begun investigating the district's finances.

Coffman says he wants to know whether district officials hid the budget shortage until after the

November election,when voters approved a $212 million bond issue for schools.

In Frederick,students'parents are buying classroom supplies and offering to pay forgroceries and utilities to keep first-year teachers and principals in their jobs.Some $36,000 hasbeen raised in donations from Safeway.A Chevrolet dealership donated $10,000 and forgavethe district's $10,750 bill for renting the driver educating cars.IBM contributed 4,500 packs ofpaper.

"We employ thousands of people in this community,"said Mitch Carson,a hospital chiefexecutive,who helped raise funds."We have children in the school,and we see how they couldbe affected.”

At Creek High School,three students started a website that displays newspaper articles,district information and an email forum."Rumors about what's happening to the district aremoving at lightning speed,"said a student."We wanted to know the truth,and spread thataround instead.”

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Unit1文化教育类(1)I

1.What has happened to the Vrain School District?

A)A huge financial problem has arisen.

B)Many schools there are mismanaged.

C)Lots of teachers in the district are planning to quit.

D)Many administrative personnel have been laid off.

2.How did the residents in the Vrain School District respond to the budget shortage?

A)They felt somewhat helpless about it.

B)They accused those responsible for it.

C)They pooled their efforts to help solve it.

D)They demanded a thorough investigation.

3.In the view of State Treasurer Mike Coffman,the educational budget shortage is

A)unavoidable

B)unthinkable

C)insolvable

D)irreversible

4.Why did Coffman request an investigation?

A)To see if there was a deliberate cover-up of the problem.

B)To find out the extent of the consequences of the case.

C)To make sure that the school principals were innocent.

D)To stop the voters approving the $212 million bond issue.

5.Three high school students started a website in order to

A)attract greater public attention to their needs

B)appeal to the public for contributions and donations

C)expose officials who neglected their duties

D)keep people properly informed of the crisis

Section B提高篇

Passage 4

One hundred years ago,"Colored"was the typical way of referring to Americans ofAfrican descent.Twenty years later,it was purposefully dropped to make way for "Negro."Bythe late 1960s,that term was overtaken by "Black."And then,at a press conference in Chicagoin 1988,Jesse Jackson declared that "African American"was the term to embrace.This onewas chosen because it echoed the labels of groups,such as "Italian Americans"and "Irish

Americans,"that had already been freed of widespread discrimination.

A century's worth of calculated name changes point to the fact that naming any group is a

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大学英语四级考试阅读精解

politically freighted exercise.A 2001 study cataloged all the ways in which the term"Black"carried connotations that were more negative than those of"African American."

But if it was known that "Black"people were viewed differently from "African

Americans,"researchers,until now,hadn't identified what that gap in perception was derivedfrom.A recent study,conducted by Emory University's Erika Hall,found that "Black"peopleare viewed more negatively than "African Americans"because of a perceived difference insocioeconomic status.As a result,"Black"people are thought of as less competent and ashaving colder personalities.

The study's most striking findings shed light on the racial biases permeating theprofessional world.Even seemingly harmless details on a resume,it appears,can tap intorecruiters'biases.A job application might mention affiliations with groups such as the"Wisconsin

Association of African-American Lawyers"or the "National Black Employees Association,"thenames of which apparently have consequences,and are also beyond their members'control.

In one of the study's experiments,subjects were given a brief description of a man from

Chicago with the last name Williams.To one group,he was identified as "African-American,"and another was told he was "Black."With little else to go on,they were asked to estimate

Mr.Williams's salary,professional standing,and educational background.

The "African-American"group estimated that he earned about 37,000 a year and had atwo-year college degree.The"Black"group,on the other hand,put his salary at about 29,000.and guessed that he had only "some"college experience.Nearly three-quarters of the firstgroup guessed that Mr.Williams worked at a managerial level,while only 38.5 percent of thesecond group thought so.

Hall's findings suggest there's an argument to be made for electing to use "African

American,"though one can't help but get the sense that it's a decision that papers over theurgency of continued progress.Perhaps a new phrase is needed,one that can bring everyoneone big step closer to realizing Du Bois's original,idealistic hope:"It's not the name-it's the

Thing that counts.”

1.Why did Jesse Jackson embrace the term"African American"for people of African descent?

A)It is free from racial biases.

B)It represents social progress.

C)It is in the interest of common Americans.

D)It follows the standard naming practice.

2.What does the author say about the naming of an ethnic group?

A)It advances with the times.

B)It is based on racial roots.

C)It merits intensive study.

D)It is politically sensitive.

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