《中医诊断与常见病治疗》毛德西编著|(epub+azw3+mobi+pdf)电子书下载

图书名称：《中医诊断与常见病治疗》

【作　者】毛德西编著

【出版社】 郑州：河南科学技术出版社 , 2020.01

【ISBN号】978-7-5349-9829-4

【分 类】中医诊断学-汉、英- -中医治疗学-汉、英

【参考文献】 毛德西编著. 中医诊断与常见病治疗. 郑州：河南科学技术出版社, 2020.01.

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《中医诊断与常见病治疗》内容提要：

本书以中英文对照的形式，对中医四诊及八纲辨证、六经辨证、病因辨证、卫气营血辨证、三焦辨证、脏腑辨证6种辨证进行了简明阐述，并对51种中医常见的病证进行辨证论治，对用方进行了简要分析。适合中医临床工作者、中医药院校学生参考使用。

《中医诊断与常见病治疗》内容试读

An Overview of TCM I总论

总论

An Overview of TCM

一/I

中医学是中华民族在长期的医疗、生活实践中，不断积累、反复总结而逐渐形成的具有独特理论风格的医学体系。正是由于它具有独特的理论，所以在世界传统医学发展史中，是唯一保存完整且有着强大生命力的传统医学。

Traditional Chinese medicine TCM)is a medical system with uniquetheoreticalcharacteristics summarized and developed by Chinese people in their long-term living andmedical practice against diseases.It is precisely because of its special theory that in the historyof world'traditional medicine,TCM is the only one that could get preserved intactly with itsstrong vitality.

中医学的基本理论形成于两千多年前的战国时期，代表著作是《黄帝内经》，它奠定了中医学的理论基础：而东汉时期张仲景的《伤寒杂病论》则是中医临床学的奠基之作，至今仍具有临床指导意义。

The formation of the basic theoretical framework of TCM can be traced back to the Warring

States over two thousand years ago,represented by the coming-out of Huangdi Neijing(Huangdi's Internal Classic)which lays the groundwork for TCM theory.Shanghan Zabing

Lun Treatise on Cold-induced and Miscellaneous Diseases),compiled by Zhang Zhongjing,anoutstanding medical practitioner in the Eastern Han Dynasty,is regarded as the foundation ofclinical study on TCM and it has been exerting an enormous influence on guiding TCM clinicalpractice up to now.

中医学发展到金元时期，医学家根据当时社会环境与医学发展的状况，以及个人的临床经验，提出了各自的学术观点，相继出现了刘河间的“火热论”，张子和的“实邪论”，李东垣的“气虚论”和朱丹溪的“阴常不足论”等。他们的理论与实践经验至今还有应用价值。

During the period of the Jin and Yuan Dynasties,TCM theoretical system developedcontinuously.Medical practitioners or experts at that time put forward their viewpoints based onthe developing situation of medicine,the social environment as well as their personal clinical

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总论I An Overview of TCM

practice.One academic doctrine succeeded the other,such as Liu Hejian's remark on "fireheat”,Zhang Zihe's statement about“sthenic pathogens”“qi asthenia”of Li Dongyuan and

Zhu Danxi's opinion about "universal deficiency of yin".Their theoretical and practicalexperience has still been of great value to clinical practice nowadays.

明清时期，是中医学的又一个发展高峰，温病（包括瘟疫）学说相继兴起，医学流派又出现了温补、疏肝、清解等多家学说。特别是清代的叶天士、薛生白、吴鞠通、王孟英等，对温病的辨证论治提出了新的观，点，使中医学治疗温热病的水平向前推进了一大步。

The Ming and Qing Dynasties witnessed another peak of the development of TCM.Thetheories about seasonal febrile disease including pestilences or plagues )appearedsuccessively.Many theoretical schools on medicine sprang up,for instance,tonifying andwarming,soothing the liver,clearing away heat and relieving toxin,etc.In particular,in the

Qing Dynasty,scholars such as Ye Tianshi,Xue Shengbai,Wu Jutong and Wang Mengyingproposed a new perspective,"treating febrile disease based on syndrome differentiation",which pushes the TCM therapeutic methods for febrile disease a big step further.

中华人民共和国成立以后，中医学摆脱了“各自为政”的束缚，国家支持中医学的发展，相继成立了中医药高等院校、研究院所、中医院、中医药学术团体，并且走出了国门，中医药学传播到了世界各地，成为造福于全人类的世界性传统医学。

After the founding of People's Republic of China,TCM developed vigorously for it got ridof the previous shackle of "various schools isolating themselves from one another".Thegovernment attached great importance to its development,and a great number of TCMinstitutions of higher learning,research institutes,TCM hospitals and academic groups wereestablished successively.Nowadays,TCM has spread to all parts of the world and become auniversal traditional medicine,making great contributions to the wellbeing of mankind in theworld.

二/ⅡⅢ

在中医学发展过程中，也出现了一些违背事实的声音，就是将中医学与西医学对立起来，认为中医学“不科学”，甚至有人提出要取消中医，想使这门已有数千年历史、为中华民族的繁衍昌盛做出巨大贡献的传统医学从地球上消失。这种论调时隐时现，但它阻碍不了中医学的发展，因为中医学的治疗效果是被广大群众所肯定的：中医学的经典之作是历史留下来的科学理论，是古代东方文明的巨大财富。

In the process of developing TCM,there are some voices going against the truth,namely,the opinions that put TCM and Western medicine at the opposite ends,regarding TCM"unscientific".Even some propose to cancel traditional Chinese medicine,the one that enjoysa history of thousands of years and has made tremendous contributions to the prosperity of

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An Overview of TCM I总论

Chinese nation.The arguments appear from time to time,but they can't hinder it from furtherdeveloping,for its therapeutic effect has convinced the public.And its classic,as a scientifictheory left by history,is an indispensable part of ancient oriental civilization.

至于中医学与西医学的差别，是客观存在的，关键是怎样去理解。在这里我引用国学大师季羡林的一段话来阐明，季羡林先生在《谈国学》中说：“东方的思维模式是综合的，西方的思维模式是分析的。勉强打一个比方，我们可以说：西方是‘一分为

二’，而东方则是‘合二为一’。再用一个更通俗的说法来表达一下：西方是‘头痛医头，脚痛医脚’‘只见树木，不见森林'，而东方则是‘头痛医脚，脚痛医头’‘既见树木，又见森林'。，说得再抽象一点：东方综合思维模式的特点是，整体概念，普遍联系；而西方分析思维模式正相反。”季先生在这里谈到一个思维模式问题，也就是思路问题。这一段话可以借用看待中医与西医的区别，这对理解中医学理论与临床非常重要。那些不懂中医而对中医指手画脚的人，应该坐下来认真读一读中医经典，亲身感受一下中医的效应，然后再发表看法，包括批评的意见，只要是善意的，中医同道都是会乐意接受的，而且也会加以改进和提高。

As to the difference between Chinese medicine and Western medicine,it does existobjectively.Therefore,the key is how to understand it correctly.Here I would like to illustrateit by quoting the statement from Ji Xianlin,a great master of traditional Chinese culture.In hisbook On Studies of Ancient Chinese Civilization,Ji points out,"Eastern thinking mode iscomprehensive,while in western countries,analytical thinking is highly popular.For instance,

Westerners tend to understand a thing in a way of cutting it into different pieces and analyzingthem one by one,while Eastern people focus on comprehensive thinking and take it as a whole.

To put it more popularly,in clinical practice,western doctors tend to analyze and study theexact region where a disease is or to take stopgap measures,however,Chinese medical workerswill take the overall condition of a patient into consideration and make an overall analysis basedon the comprehensive inspection,not just by examining and analyzing the specific region of thedisease.Abstractly speaking,oriental comprehensive thinking mode is featured by the conceptof holism on the basis of universal connection among things,while western analytical thinkingis just the opposite."Professor Ji here talks about the issue of thinking mode,which is also aquestion of way of thinking.His words can be used to look at the difference between TCM and

Western medicine,which is very important to understand the theory of TCM and its clinicalpractice.Those who do not understand TCM tend to criticize it.The correct way for them is tosit down to read a little more carefully about TCM and experience its curative effect themselvesbefore they express their opinions,including criticism.As long as they are well-meant,TCMpractitioners would be happy to accept,and they would even make some improvementaccording to the critical suggestions.

三/Ⅲ

中医对疾病的认识是从整体观念出发的。整体观念是一种哲学理念，认为人与大

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总论I An Overview of TCM

自然是息息相通的，人的生理、病理受到大自然的制约，当然也得到大自然的滋养与恩赐。另外，人的内环境也是息息相通的，脏腑经络之间互为利用、互为制约，维持着生理的相对平衡。如果某一脏腑有了病，它必然影响到其他脏器，例如肺热咳嗽，不单单是肺脏的病变，很可能是肝经燥热刑罚于肺产生的，中医名为“木火刑金”：也可能是大肠燥热引起的，因为肺与大肠相表里，由此而发作咳嗽，中医名为“腑病及脏”。而一年四季所发生的感冒，中医还要与四季的气候变化联系起来，中医将一年四季气候的变化称为“五运六气”，只有明了五运六气的变化，才能对不同季节的感冒提出正确的治疗方案。如果脱离了整体观念，孤零零地去“看病”，那只能是“头痛医头，脚痛医脚”了。

According to TCM,the recognition of a particular disease is based on a philosophyconcept,holism,which holds that human being and the nature are closely connected,thephysiological and pathological conditions of a person's body are regulated by the nature,therefore,he,in turn,is nurtured by it.Besides,all parts of a person's internal environmentare closely connected,too.The zang-fu organs,meridians and collaterals are mutually utilizedand restricted,maintaining a relative physiological balance.If there is something wrong with apatient's zang or fu organ,other viscera will inevitably be affected.For instance,lung heatmay give rise to cough.However,it is not only some pathological changes of the lung,it ismore likely caused by dryness and heat in liver meridian impairing the lung,which is known as"wood-fire (fire in the liver)impairing metal the lung)"in TCM terminology.Or maybe thedisease is due to dryness and heat in the large intestine,for the lung and large intestine areexternal-internally connected,accordingly,cough with the above pathogenesis is named as "fu-disease involving zang viscus".When a patient catches colds in different seasons of a year,TCM practitioners should connect the causes with seasonal climate changes,which are knownas "five phases'motion and six natural factors"in TCM.Only by grasping their regularchanges,can a TCM doctor acquire the correct treating plan.If his diagnosis and treating planare not based on the concept of holism,that is,if a doctor does not relate a patient'ssymptoms to the changes of natural climate,his prescription would be partial,incorrect andlack of overall analysis.

由上可以知道，中医对疾病的认识，是从三个方面去考虑的，即天、地、人，古人称为“三才”。就是以“人”为中心，并考虑到天时、地利，以及疾病谱的变化，这种将人放在大自然中去考虑的医学，就是整体的、动态的、辩证的。所以中医对某一疾病的治疗，多数是一人一方，一证一方，而不是用一个方子去治疗多个人的疾病。这就是中医学“因人而异”“因时而异”“因地而异”的三因学说。

From the above analysis,a conclusion can be reached that the understanding of aparticular disease in terms of TCM is based upon an overall consideration of three aspects,i.

e.,the heaven,the earth and man (the "three talents"named by ancient Chinese).Amongthem,man is the focus,and changes in climate,geographical position as well as diseasespectrum should be taken into account.The medicine that place man in the nature is overall,

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An Overview of TCM I总论

dynamic and dialectic.Therefore,in most cases,due to the particular disease conditions aswell as individual feature of different patients,a TCM practitioner's treatment of a certaindisease in one patient differs from that of the disease in another.Exactly speaking,one treatingplan is in accordance with one patient,or with one specific syndrome.It is absolutelyimpossible for a doctor to use one prescription to cure many patients'diseases.This is the so-called principle of three categories of etiologic factors,namely,"applying proper therapeuticmethods based on individuality,time,as well as regions of a disease".

四/V

中医对疾病的治疗，非常重视“三因学说”，尤其重视“因人而异”。所谓“因人而异”，就是重视人的个体化，包括人的性别、年龄、体型、性格、职业、家庭环境、文化水平、饮食习惯、个人爱好等，这些因素综合起来叫作“体质”因素，它对疾病的发生与转化都有直接或间接的影响，同时，对疾病治疗的效果也有一定的影响。

As far as TCM therapeutic measure is concerned,great importance is attached to "theprinciple of three categories of etiologic factors",with particular emphasis on"applying propertherapeutic methods based on individuality",which means,in treating a patient's disease,special attention should be paid to his individuality,including his gender,age,physical build,personality,profession,family background,education,dietary habits,hobbies and so on.

These are collectively called "physique"factor.Directly or indirectly,it affects theoccurrence,development and changes of a disease.Simultaneously,it will definitely exert aninfluence on the curative effect for a disease to some extent.

《黄帝内经》对于人的体质与性格的划分就有25种之多。经过中医学家多年的研究，现在对中国人体质的划分提出了新的观点和划分方法，这就是王琦教授的“九种体质划分法”，即平和体质、阳虚体质、阴虚体质、气虚体质、痰湿体质、湿热体质、血瘀体质、气郁体质、特禀体质等。

According to Huangdi Neijng,constitution and character of mankind can be divided into25 types.Recently,after many years of research,some Chinese medical scholars haveproposed a new point of view on the division of Chinese people's physique,which is Professor

Wang Qi's"classification of nine types of basic constitutions",namely,yin-yang balance,yang asthenia,yin asthenia,qi asthenia,phlegm-dampness,damp-heat,blood stasis,qistagnation and allergic constitution.

王琦教授通过对全国2万多例调查结果的分析，发现各种体质均与亚健康状态关系密切。疼痛型亚健康状态与阳虚体质、湿热体质、血瘀体质呈正相关，早衰型亚健康状态与阳虚体质、痰湿体质呈正相关，疲劳型亚健康状态与气虚体质、湿热体质气郁体质呈正相关，心理型亚健康状态与气虚体质、阴虚体质、气郁体质呈正相关。

Through analyzing the survey result of 20 000 cases across the country,Professor Wang

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总论I An Overview of TCM

Qi's research shows that various types of body constitution are closely related to the states ofsub-health.Exactly speaking,state of sub-health of pain is positively related to the types ofconstitution of yang asthenia,damp-heat and blood stasis.State of sub-health of prematuresenility has a positive correlation to the types of physique of yang asthenia and phlegm-dampness.State of sub-health due to fatigue is positively connected with constitution of qiasthenia,damp-heat and qi stagnation and psychological sub-health state is positivelyassociated with qi asthenia,yin asthenia,and qi stagnation constitution.

这些研究说明，体质不同，所表现的体征与症状也不相同，这就为治疗提供了很重要的一个前提。例如同样患高血压病，一个人是痰湿体质，一个人是阴虚体质，他们所呈现出的症候就决然不会一样，医生所拟定的治疗措施也是有区别的，前者宜祛湿化痰，后者宜滋阴补肾，但他们的治疗结果是殊途同归的。如果医生在治疗的时候，对病人的体质不管不问，只看重药物的效应，那么治疗结果就可能会南辕北辙，达不到预期的效果，这是被无数事实所证明了的。

The study indicates that diversity in patients'physical conditions and manifestations isattributed to difference in their constitution,which provides an important prerequisite fortreating diseases.For instance,there are two patients suffering from hypertension,one has theconstitution of phlegm-dampness,while the other's physique is yin asthenia.The syndromeand symptoms that the former manifests is definitely different from those of the latter,accordingly their doctor should take different therapeutic measures.To the former,he can adopteliminating dampness and resolving phlegm,while the prescription to the latter should benourishing yin and replenishing kidney.The same treating result can be achieved by usingdifferent prescriptions.In the process of treating,if a doctor only takes the curative effect ofmedication,rather than his patients'individual constitution into account,the results would bethe opposite,and the expected curative effect couldn't be achieved,which has been proved bynumerous medical cases.

五/V

中医是否排斥西医呢？中医历来都是开放性的，中医不但不排斥西医，而且还吸取西医的科学部分，充实自己的理论与临床。许多中医医生在坚持中医理论与临床技

能的基础上，从微观上用现代科学检查手段来为临床服务，诸如生化检查、CT、核磁

共振、彩超等；有些难以治疗的疾病，还请西医医生会诊；在理论上也重视微观方面的诊断方法。中医专业或科普著作中，也不断地吸取着现代科学新技术。

Does TCM repulse Western medicine?The answer is definitely no.TCM has been open-minded since its beginning.It does not repel Western medicine,instead,it absorbs thereasonable and scientific parts of Western medicine to enrich its own theoretical system andguide its clinical practice.On the basis of adhering to the theory and clinical skills of TCM,tohelp them make clinical diagnosis and treatment,quite a lot of TCM practitioners make use of

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