《儿童口腔医学临床前实验指导》邹静，周媛作|(epub+azw3+mobi+pdf)电子书下载

图书名称：《儿童口腔医学临床前实验指导》

【作　者】邹静，周媛作

【页 数】 106

【出版社】 成都：四川大学出版社 , 2020.06

【ISBN号】978-7-5690-3772-2

【参考文献】 邹静，周媛作. 儿童口腔医学临床前实验指导. 成都：四川大学出版社, 2020.06.

图书封面：

图书目录：

《儿童口腔医学临床前实验指导》内容提要：

本书是由华西儿童口腔专家结合国内外最新教材及学会指南综合编写的英文版口腔实验指导教材，共十个章节，可帮助教师及学生有效开展实验课教学同时掌握英语专业术语及表达方式，同时满足国际学生学习需要。本教材结合国内外最新教材及学会指南综合编写，主要为口腔医学专业本科生及研究生介绍儿童口腔医学当前最核心的临床实践内容，图文并茂、重点突出，并提供详细操作指南，为规范化、标准化、国际化的临床前实验教学提供重要资源。

《儿童口腔医学临床前实验指导》内容试读

CHAPTER 1

MORPHOLOGY AND RADIOGRAPHIC CHARACTERISTICSOF THE PRIMARY AND IMMATURE PERMANENT TEETH

Introduction to the morphology of the primary andimmaturepermanent teeth

Primary teeth,also known as deciduous teeth,milk teeth,baby teeth and temporary teeth,arethe first set of teeth in the growth development of humans.They develop during the embryonicstage of development and erupt-that is,they become visible in the mouth-during infancy.

They are usually lost and replaced by permanent teeth,but in the absence of permanentreplacements,they can remain functional for many years.

Permanent teeth or adult teeth are the second set of teeth of humans.In humans and old-worldsimians,there are 32 permanent teeth,consisting of six maxillary and six mandibular molars,four maxillary and four mandibular premolars,two maxillary and two mandibular canines,fourmaxillary and four mandibular incisors.The first permanent tooth usually appears in the mouthat around six years of age,and the mouth will then be in a transition time with both primaryteeth and permanent teeth during the mixed dentition period until the last primary tooth is lost orshed.The first of the permanent teeth to erupt are the permanent first molars,right behind thelast primary second molars of the primary dentition.These first permanent molars are importantfor the correct development of the permanent dentition.Up to the age of thirteen years,28 ofthe 32 permanent teeth will appear.The full permanent dentition is completed much laterduring the permanent dentition period.The four last permanent teeth,the third molars,usuallyappear between the ages of 17 and 38;they are considered wisdom teeth.

In 1895 Wilhelm Conrad Rontgen discovered X-rays,a form of high-energy electromagneticradiation.This technique has been applied in dentistry since 1896,and it provides a verysignificant advantage to the dental and maxillofacial diagnosis.Two-dimensional intraoralradiography and extraoral radiography are the two traditional techniques.Besides,as thedevelopment of new techniques,Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT)has been widelyused in recent years.However,due to the relatively large dose of radiation,discontinuousimage capture and high expense,CBCT is not the first choice of radiographic examination in

·001

CHAPTER 1

Pediatric Dentistry.It is mainly used in obtaining the spatial information of an impacted toothfor instance.

Tooth notation systems

Palmer notation for permanent teeth (Figure 1-1).

足A2我中0

8765432112345678

8765432112345678

(A)

(B)

Figure 1 -1

Palmer notation for primary teeth (Figure 1-2).

VVⅢⅡIIⅡⅢVV

VVⅢⅡIIⅡⅢVV

(B)

EDCBAABCDE

EDCBAAB C DE

(C)

(A】

Figure 1-2

·002·

PRE-CLINIC TRAINING GUIDE ON PEDIATRIC DENTISTRY

Federation Dentaire International (FDI)notation for permanent teeth Figure 1-3).

1817161514131211212223242526272848474645444342413132333435363738

(A)

(B)

Figure 1-3

Federation Dentaire International FDI)notation for primary teeth Figure 1-4).

5554535251616263646585848382817172737475

(A)

(B)

Figure 1-4

Universal notation system for the permanent teeth Figure 1-5).

1234567891011121314151632313029282726252423222120191817

(A)

(B)

Figure 1-5

·003·

PRE-CLINIC TRAINING GUIDE ON PEDIATRIC DENTISTRY

Table 1-1 Tooth morphology and radiographic characters comparison between primary teeth andpermanent teeth.

Primary teeth

Permanent teeth

Crown size

Smaller

Bigger

Relative crown size in the arch

First molar second molar

First molar second molar

Color

Whitish

Yellowish

Mineralization

Less

More

Enamel thickness

Thinner

Thicker

Dentin thickness

Thinner

Thicker

Root-to-crown ration

Smaller

Greater

Cervical constriction

Obviously marked

Not well-marked

Coronal anatomy

Shallow

Deep

Pulp chamber

Relatively large

Relatively small

Pulp horn

Higher

Lower

Root trunk

Smaller

Larger

Root furcation

Obtuse angle

Acute angle

Root canals

Short and wide

Long and narrow

Accessory canals

Present

May be absent

occlusal

bucca

Mesial

occlusal

Buccal

Mesial

occlusal

occlusal

Buccal Mesial

Buccal

Mesial

(A)Maxillary deciduous molars

(B)Lower deciduous molars

Figure 1-7 Morphology comparison between the primary first molar and the permanent first molar.

Radiographic techniques

Periapical radiography

It should show the crown of the tooth and at least 3mm beyond the apex of the tooth.Both theparalleling technique and bisecting angle technique can be used,but the paralleling technique

·005·

CHAPTER I

is preferred because of its accuracy.

Bitewing radiography

It is intended to assess interproximal caries and interproximal bone height.Paralleling techniqueis used to obtain bitewing films.

Panoramic radiography

The panoramic image is obtained through tomography.This means that only the structureslocated in the focal trough are captured in focus.The images are like bitewing images butmagnified.

Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT)

It is ideal for imaging hard tissues and provides the three-dimensional information of thecraniofacial structures.

Nolla's stage of tooth calcification

Nolla's stage of tooth calcification is also known as Nolla's stage of tooth development.Nolla hasdivided the stages of tooth development into ten stages Figure 1-8):

10

9

政

0

U

8

0

4

2

翅

图

器

0

Figure 1-8Nolla's stage of tooth calcification.

·006·

···试读结束···