《考研英语（一）历年真题详解》标学教育编|(epub+azw3+mobi+pdf)电子书下载

图书名称：《考研英语（一）历年真题详解》

【作　者】标学教育编

【页 数】 252

【出版社】 成都：电子科技大学出版社 , 2020.03

【ISBN号】978-7-5647-7740-1

【价 格】18.00

【分 类】英语-研究生-入学考试-题解

【参考文献】 标学教育编. 考研英语（一）历年真题详解. 成都：电子科技大学出版社, 2020.03.

图书封面：

《考研英语（一）历年真题详解》内容提要：

考研英语（一）历年真题详解，本套图书主要针对参加全国硕士研究生入学统一考试的人员设置。本书根据全国硕士研究生考试大纲所要求掌握的考点进行编写，全真的历年考试真题，配合详尽的考试真题解析，便于考生学习理解。

《考研英语（一）历年真题详解》内容试读

绝密★启用前

2010年全国硕士研究生招生考试

英语（一）

考生注意事项

1.答题前，考生须在试题册指定位置上填写考生姓名和考生编号；在答题卡指定位置上填写报考单位、考生姓名和考生编号，并涂写考生编号信息点。

2.考生须把试题册上的“试卷条形码”粘贴条取下，粘贴在答题卡的“试卷条形码粘

贴位置”框中。不按规定粘贴条形码而影响评卷结果的，责任由考生自负。

3.选择题的答案必须涂写在答题卡相应题号的选项上，非选择题的答案必须书写

在答题卡指定位置的边框区域内。超出答题区域书写的答案无效，在草稿纸、试

题册上答题无效。

4.填（书）写部分必须使用黑色字迹签字笔或者钢笔书写，字迹工整、笔迹清楚：涂

写部分必须使用2B铅笔填涂。

5.考试结束，将答题卡和试题册按规定交回。

(以下信息考生必须认真填写)

考生编号

考生姓名

Section I Use of English

Directions:

Read the following text.Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank and mark A,B,C or D on ANSWERSHEET.(10 points)

In 1924 American National Research Council sent two engineers to supervise a series of experiments at atelephone-parts factory called the Hawthorne Plant near Chicago.It hoped they would learn how stop-floorlighting 1 workers'productivity.Instead,the studies ended 2giving their name to the "Hawthorneeffect",the extremely influential idea that the very 3 of being experimented upon changed subjects'behavior.

The idea arose because of the 4 behavior of the women in the plant.According to 5 of theexperiments their hourly output rose when lighting was increased,but also when it was dimmed.It did not 6what was done in the experiment;7 something was changed,productivity rose.A(n)8 that they werebeing experimented upon seemed to be 9 to alter workers'behavior 10 itself.

After several decades,the same data were11 to econometric the analysis.The Hawthorne experimentshad another surprise store 12 the descriptions on record,no systematic 13 was found that levels ofproductivity were related to changes in lighting.

It turns out that peculiar way of conducting the experiments may be have let to 14 interpretation ofwhat happened.15,lighting was always changed on a Sunday.When work started again on Monday,output16 rose compared with the previous Saturday and 17 to rise for the next couple of days.18,acomparison with data for weeks when there was no experimentation showed that output always went up on

Mondays.Workers 19 to be diligent for the first few days of the week in any case,before 20 a plateau andthen slackening off.This suggests that the alleged"Hawthorne effect"is hard to pin down.

1.[A]affected

B achieved

[C]extracted

[D]restored

2.[A]at

[B]up

[C]with

[D]off

3.[A]truth

[B]sight

[C]act

[D]proof

4.[A]controversial

[B]perplexing

[C]mischievous

[D]ambiguous

5.[A]requirements

[B]explanations

[C]accounts

[D]assessments

6.[A]conclude

[B]matter

[C]indicate

[D]work

7.[A]as far as

[B ]for fear that

[C]in case that

[D]so long as

8.[A]awareness

[B]expectation

[C]sentiment

[D]illusion

9.[A]suitable

[B]excessive

[C]enough

[D]abundant

10.[A]about

[B]for

[C]on

[D]by

11.[A]compared

[B]shown

[C]subjected

[D]conveyed

12.[A]contrary to

[B]consistent with

[C]parallel with

[D]peculiar to

13.[A]evidence

[B]guidance

[C]implication

[D]source

14.[A]disputable

[B]enlightening

[C]reliable

[D]misleading

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15.[A]In contrast

[B]For example

[C]In consequence

[D]As usual

16.[A]duly

[B]accidentally

[C]unpredictably

[D]suddenly

17.[A]failed

[B]ceased

[C]started

[D]continued

18.[A]Therefore

[B]Furthermore

[C]However

[D]Meanwhile

19.[A]attempted

[B]tended

[C]chose

[D]intended

20.[A]breaking

[B]climbing

[C]surpassing

[D]hitting

Section II

Reading Comprehension

Part A

Directions:

Read the following four texts.Answer the questions below each text by choosing A,B.C or D.Mark youranswers on ANSWER SHEET.(40 points)

Text 1

Of all the changes that have taken place in English-language newspapers during the past quarter-century,perhaps the most far-reaching has been the inexorable decline in the scope and seriousness of their arts coverage.

It is difficult to the point of impossibility for the average reader under the age of forty to imagine a timewhen high-quality arts criticism could be found in most big-city newspapers.Yet a considerable number of themost significant collections of criticism published in the 20th century consisted in large part of newspaperreviews.To read such books today is to marvel at the fact that their learned contents were once deemed suitablefor publication in general-circulation dailies.

We are even farther removed from the unfocused newspaper reviews published in England between theturn of the 20th century and the eve of World War II,at a time when newsprint was dirt-cheap and stylish artscriticism was considered an ornament to the publications in which it appeared.In those far-off days,it was takenfor granted that the critics of major papers would write in detail and at length about the events they covered.

Theirs was a serious business,and even those reviewers who wore their learning lightly,like George Bernard

Shaw and Ernest Newman,could be trusted to know what they were about.These men believed in journalism asa calling,and were proud to be published in the daily press."So few authors have brains enough or literary giftenough to keep their own end up in journalism,"Newman wrote,"that I am tempted to define 'journalism'as'a term of contempt applied by writers who are not read to writers who are.'"

Unfortunately,these critics are virtually forgotten.Neville Cardus,who wrote for the Manchester Guardianfrom 1917 until shortly before his death in 1975,is now known solely as a writer of essays on the game ofcricket.During his lifetime,though,he was also one of England's foremost classical-music critics,a stylist sowidely admired that his autobiography (1947)became a best-seller.He was knighted in 1967,the first musiccritic to be so honored.Yet only one of his books is now in print,and his vast body of writings on music isunknown save to specialists.

Is there any chance that Cardus's criticism will enjoy a revival?The prospect seems remote.Journalistictastes had changed long before his death,and postmodern readers have little use for the richly upholstered

Vicwardian prose in which he specialized.Moreover,the amateur tradition in music criticism has been in

2010年英语（一）试题第2页（共22页）

headlong retreat.

21.It is indicated in Paragraphs 1 and 2 that

[A]arts criticism has disappeared from big-city newspapers[B]English-language newspapers used to carry more arts reviews[C]high-quality newspapers retain a large body of readers[D]young readers doubt the suitability of criticism on dailies

22.Newspaper reviews in England before World War II were characterized by[A]free themes[B]casual style[C]elaborate layout[D]radical viewpoints

23.Which of the following would Shaw and Newman most probably agree on?[A]It is writers'duty to fulfill journalistic goals.[B]It is contemptible for writers to be journalists.[C]Writers are likely to be tempted into journalism.[D]Not all writers are capable of journalistic writing

24.What can be learned about Cardus according to the last two paragraphs?[A]His music criticism may not appeal to readers today.[B]His reputation as a music critic has long been in dispute.[C]His style caters largely to modern specialists.[D]His writings fail to follow the amateur tradition.

25.What would be the best title for the text?[A]Newspapers of the Good Old Days[B]The Lost Horizon in Newspapers[C]Mournful Decline of Journalism[D]Prominent Critics in Memory

Text 2

Over the past decade,thousands of patents have been granted for what are called business methods.Amazon.com received one for its "one-click"online payment system.Merrill Lynch got legal protection for an assetallocation strategy.One inventor patented a technique for lifting a box.

Now the nation's top patent court appears completely ready to scale back on business-method patents,which have been controversial ever since they were first authorized 10 years ago.In a move that hasintellectual-property lawyers abuzz the U.S.court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit said it would use aparticular case to conduct a broad review of business-method patents.In re Bilski,as the case is known,is "avery big deal",says Dennis D.Crouch of the University of Missouri School of law.It "has the potential toeliminate an entire class of patents."

Curbs on business-method claims would be a dramatic about-face,because it was the Federal Circuit itself

2010年英语（一）试题第3页（共22页）

that introduced such patents with is 1998 decision in the so-called state Street Bank case,approving a patent ona way of pooling mutual-fund assets.That ruling produced an explosion in business-method patent filings,initially by emerging Internet companies trying to stake out exclusive rights to specific types of onlinetransactions.Later,more established companies raced to add such patents to their files,if only as a defensivemove against rivals that might beat them to the punch.In 2005,IBM noted in a court filing that it had beenissued more than 300 business-method patents despite the fact that it questioned the legal basis for grantingthem.Similarly,some Wall Street investment films armed themselves with patents for financial products,evenas they took positions in court cases opposing the practice.

The Bilski case involves a claimed patent on a method for hedging risk in the energy market.The Federal

Circuit issued an unusual order stating that the case would be heard by all 12 of the court's judges,rather than atypical panel of three,and that one issue it wants to evaluate is whether it should "reconsider"its State Street

Bank ruling.

The Federal Circuit's action comes in the wake of a series of recent decisions by the Supreme Court thathas narrowed the scope of protections for patent holders.Last April,for example,the justices signaled that toomany patents were being upheld for "inventions"that are obvious.The judges on the Federal Circuit are"reacting to the anti-patent trend at the Supreme Court",says Harold C.Wegner,a patent attorney and professorat George Washington University Law School.

26.Business-method patents have recently aroused concern because of

[A]their limited value to business[B]their connection with asset allocation[C]the possible restriction on their granting[D]the controversy over authorization

27.Which of the following is true of the Bilski case?[A]Its ruling complies with the court decisions[B]It involves a very big business transaction.[C]It has been dismissed by the Federal Circuit.[D]It may change the legal practices in the U.S

28.The word "about-face"(Line 1,Para.3)most probably means[A]loss of good will[B]increase of hostility[C]change of attitude[D]enhancement of dignity

29.We learn from the last two paragraphs that business-method patents.[A]are immune to legal challenges[B]are often unnecessarily issued[C]lower the esteem for patent holders[D]increase the incidence of risks

30.Which of the following would be the subject of the text?[A]A looming threat to business-method patents.

2010年英语（一）试题第4页（共22页）

[B]Protection for business-method patent holders.[C]A legal case regarding business-method patents.[D]A prevailing trend against business-method patents.

Text 3

In his book The Tipping Point,Malcolm Gladwell argues that "social epidemics"are driven in large part bythe acting of a tiny minority of special individuals,often called influentials,who are unusually informed,persuasive,or well-connected.The idea is intuitively compelling,but it doesn't explain how ideas actuallyspread.

The supposed importance of influentials derives from a plausible sounding but largely untested theorycalled the "two step flow of communication":Information flows from the media to the influentials and fromthem to everyone else.Marketers have embraced the two-step flow because it suggests that if they can just findand influence the influentials,those selected people will do most of the work for them.The theory also seems toexplain the sudden and unexpected popularity of certain looks,brands,or neighborhoods.In many such cases,acursory search for causes finds that some small group of people was wearing,promoting,or developingwhatever it is before anyone else paid attention.Anecdotal evidence of this kind fits nicely with the idea thatonly certain special people can drive trends.

In their recent work,however,some researchers have come up with the finding that influentials have farless impact on social epidemics than is generally supposed.In fact,they don't seem to be required of all.

The researchers'argument stems from a simple observing about social influence:With the exception of afew celebrities like Oprah Winfrey-whose outsize presence is primarily a function of media,not interpersonalinfluence-even the most influential members of a population simply don't interact with that many others.Yetit is precisely these non-celebrity influentials who,according to the two-step-flow theory,are supposed to drivesocial epidemics by influencing their friends and colleagues directly.For a social epidemic to occur,however,each person so affected,must then influence his or her own acquaintances,who must in turn influence theirs,and so on;and just how many others pay attention to each of these people has little to do with the initialinfluential.If people in the network just two degrees removed from the initial influential prove resistant,forexample,from the initial influential prove resistant,for example,the cascade of change won't propagate veryfar or affect many people.

Building on the basic truth about interpersonal influence,the researchers studied the dynamics of socialinfluence by conducting thousands of computer simulations of populations,manipulating a number of variablesrelating to people's ability to influence others and their tendency to be influenced.They found that the principalrequirement for what is called "global cascades"-the widespread propagation of influence through network-is the presence not of a few influentials but,rather,of a critical mass of easily influenced people.

31.By citing the book The Tipping Point,the author intends to[A]analyze the consequences of social epidemics[B]discuss influentials'function in spreading ideas

[C]exemplify people's intuitive response to social epidemics[D]describe the essential characteristics of influentials

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